Cathine

Cathine, also known as D-norpseudoephedrine and (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and contributes to its overall effects.[2] It has approximately 10–14% the potency of amphetamine.[2]

Not to be confused with Caffeine.
Cathine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • CA: Schedule IV
  • DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses)
  • UK: Class C
  • US: Schedule IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life1.8–8.6 hours[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.007.050
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC9H13NO
Molar mass151.206 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
 NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Pharmacology

Like amphetamines, cathinone, and ephedrine, cathine acts as a norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA).[2] It also acts as a dopamine releasing agent (DRA) to a lesser extent.[2]

Chemistry

Cathine is one of the four stereoisomers of phenylpropanolamine (PPA).

Regulation

The World Anti-Doping Agency's list of prohibited substances (used for the Olympic Games among other athletic events) bars cathine in concentrations of over 5 micrograms per milliliter in urine. Cathine is a Schedule III drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[3] In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance.[4]

In Australia, Cathine is officially a schedule 4 drug but is not available or approved for any use.

Cathine is found in the shrub khat (Catha edulis).

In Hong Kong, cathine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Chapter 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. Unlawful possession is punishable by severe fines and imprisonment.

See also

References
  1. Toennes, S. W.; Harder, S.; Schramm, M.; Niess, C.; Kauert, G. F. (2003). "Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 56 (1): 125–130. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01834.x. PMC 1884326. PMID 12848785.
  2. Hoffman, R.; Al-Absi, M. (December 2010). "Khat use and neurobehavioral functions: suggestions for future studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132 (3): 554–63. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.033. PMC 2976806. PMID 20553832.
  3. "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-31.
  4. https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/a_sched_alpha.pdf
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.