Mometasone

Mometasone, also known as mometasone furoate, is a steroid medication used to treat certain skin conditions, hay fever, and asthma.[3][4][5] Specifically it is used to prevent rather than treat asthma attacks.[3] It can be applied to the skin, inhaled, or used in the nose.[3][4][5]

Mometasone
Clinical data
Trade namesNasonex, Asmanex, Elocon, others[1]
Other names9α,21-Dichloro-11β,17α-dihydroxy-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17α-(2-furoate)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
    Routes of
    administration
    Topical, inhalation (nasal spray)
    Drug classCorticosteroid; Glucocorticoid
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetic data
    BioavailabilityNasal spray is virtually undetectable in plasma; but systemic availability is comparable to fluticasone[2]
    Protein binding98% to 99%
    MetabolismLiver
    Elimination half-life5.8 hours
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    ChEBI
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    ECHA InfoCard100.125.600
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC22H28Cl2O4 for mometasone
    C27H30O6Cl2 as furoate
    Molar mass427.361 g/mol (mometasone)
    521.4 g/mol (furoate)
    3D model (JSmol)
     NY (what is this?)  (verify)

    Common side effects when used for asthma include headache, sore throat, and thrush.[3] Common side effects when used in the nose includes upper respiratory tract infections and nose bleeds.[5] Common side effects when applied on the skin include acne, skin atrophy, and itchiness.[4] It works by decreasing inflammation.[3]

    Mometasone furoate was patented in 1981 and came into medical use in 1987.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[7] A month supply of the inhaler in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about £30 while the nasal spray is less than £2, as of 2019.[7] In 2016 it was the 165th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 3 million prescriptions.[8]

    Medical uses

    Mometasone furoate is used in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders (such as eczema and psoriasis) (topical form), allergic rhinitis (such as hay fever) (topical form), asthma (inhalation form)[9][10] for patients unresponsive to less potent corticosteroids, and penile phimosis.[11] In terms of steroid strength, it is more potent than hydrocortisone, and less potent than dexamethasone.[12]

    Some low-quality evidence suggests the use of mometasone for symptomatic improvement in children with adenoid hypertrophy.[13]

    Mometasone is used to alleviate inflammation and itchiness in skin conditions that respond to treatment with glucocorticoids such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.[14][15]

    Nasal mometasone is used in adults (including the elderly) and children over two years of age, to diminish the symptoms such as hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) and other allergies (perennial rhinitis), including nasal congestion, discharge, pruritus, and sneezing and to treat nasal polyps.[16]

    Asthma

    Mometasone furoate can be used with formoterol for the treatment of asthma, due to its anti-inflammatory properties.[13][17]

    Pharmacology

    Pharmacodynamics

    Mometasone furoate reduces inflammation by causing several effects:[16][18][19]

    • Reversing the activation of inflammatory proteins
    • Activating the secretion of anti-inflammatory proteins
    • Stabilizing cell membranes
    • Decreasing the influx of inflammatory cells

    In addition to the glucocorticoid properties of mometasone furoate, it is a very potent agonist of the progesterone receptor as well as a partial agonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor.[20]

    Mechanism of action

    Mometasone — the metabolite of mometasone furoate.

    Mometasone, like other corticosteroids, possesses anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. For allergies, corticosteroids reduce the allergic reactions in various types of cells (mastocytes and eosinophils) that are responsible for allergic reactions. Mometasone and other corticosteroids circulate in the blood easily, crossing cellular membranes and binding with cytoplasmic receptors, resulting in the transcription and synthesis of proteins. It also inhibits the actions of the enzyme cytochrome P450 2C8 which participates in the activity of monooxygenase.[21]

    The inflammation is reduced in decreasing the liberation of hydrolase acids of leukocytes, the prevention of the accumulation macrophages in the sites of inflammation, the interference with adhesion of leukocytes to capillary walls, the reduction of the permeability of the capillary membranes and consequently edema, the reduction of complementary components, inhibition of histamine and kinin liberation, and interference with scar tissue formation.[22] The proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposits is also reduced. It is believed that the action of corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agents is bound to inhibitive proteins of phospholipase A2, collectively called lipocortins. The lipocortins, in turn, control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation as the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, inhibiting the liberation of the molecular precursors of arachidonic acid. Intranasal mometasone alleviates symptoms such as rhinorrhea aquosa, nasal congestion, nasal drip, sneezing, and pharyngeal itching. Topical administration applied to skin reduces the inflammation associated with chronic or acute dermatosis.

    Pharmacokinetics

    Metabolism

    Extensive metabolic hepatic metabolism of mometasone furoate to multiple metabolites occurs. No principal metabolites are detectable in plasma. After in vitro incubation, one of the minor metabolites formed is furoate 6β-hydroxymometasone. In human hepatic microsomes, the formation of these metabolites is regulated by CYP3A4.[16]

    Mometasone

    Mometasone by itself is a synthetic, steroidal glucocorticoid or corticosteroid that was never marketed.[23][24][25] The C17α furoate ester of mometasone, is the marketed medication.[23][24][25] Mometasone furoate acts as a prodrug of mometasone.[26] In addition to its glucocorticoid activity, mometasone also has very potent progestogenic activity and acts as a partial agonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor.[20]

    Society and culture

    Brand names

    As of 2016 mometasone furoate was available worldwide in formulations for nasal, oral inhalation, and topical administration, for human and for veterinary use, and in combinations with other drugs, under many brand names.[1]

    It was available as of 2016 as the single active agent in the following brands: Alcom, Altosone, Asmanex, Atozon, Aureox, Belloseta, Bioelementa, Biometasona, Bloctimo, Borgasone, Breso, Broner, Codermo, Cortynase, Cutimom, Cutizone, Cutticom, Dance, Demoson, Dergentil, Derimod, Dermacortine, Dermaten, Dermome, Dermosona, Dermotasone, Dermovel, Desdek, Ecelecort, Ecural, Edelan, Elica, Elisone, Elisox, Elitasone, Elna, Elocan, Elocom, Elocon, Elocortin, Elofute, Elomet, Elomox, Eloskin, Eloson, Elosone, Elovent, Elox, Etacid, Eversone, Eztom, F-Din, Fenisona, Flazcort, Flogocort, Fremomet, Frondava, Fu Mei Song, Fulmeta, Furo, Furoato de Mometasona, Furoderm, Gistan-H, Honmet, Iflacort, Intercon, Ivoxel, Kalmente, Konex, Ladexol, Lisoder, Logren, Loksin, Lomeane, M-Furo, Makiren, Mefurosan, Melocort, Mena, Mesone, Metacortil, Metactiv, Metaflam, Metagra, Metasafe, Metason, Metasone, Metaspray, Metatop, Metaz, Metmin, Metsone, Midermin, Mifusin, Minyear, Mofacort, Mofulex, Mofur, Mofuroate, Molison, Momate, Momax, Momecon, Momecort, Momecutan, Momederm, MomeGalen, Momegen, Momekort, Momelab, Momentum, Momeplus, Momerid, Momeson, Momesone, Momester, Momet, Mometa, Mometagen, Mometason, Mometasona, Mometasona Furoato, Mometasone Furoate, Mometasone Furoate Hydrate, Mometasonfuroaat, Mometasonfuroat, Mometasoni furoas, Mometasonum, Mometasyn, Mometasyn, Mometax, Mometazon, Mometazona, Mometazona Fuorat, Mometazonfuroat, Mometix-AQ, Momevate, Momexa, Mommex, Mommox, Momtas, Monaliz, Monez, Monovel, Monovo, Mosone, Motaderm, Motaneal, Movesan, Mtaz, Mundoson, Murozo, Myrey, Narinex, Nasamet, Nasehaler, Nasocure, Nasomet, Nasometin, Nasonex, Nassomet, Nazofix, Nazoster, Netonox, Nexomist, Novasone, Ovison, Ovixan, Oximax, Pharmecort, Pluster, Pronasal, Propel, Prospiril, Pydercon, Rinelon, Rinitek, Rino-Val, Rinobudex, Rinonex, Rinosal, Rinosona, Rinoval, Risonel, Sensicort, Septopic, Silkaren, Soneta, Suavicort, Suqi, Synaller, Tabunex, Topcort, Topison, Uniclar, Uniderm, Vizomet, Yperod, Zalconex, and Zynovate.[1]

    Combinations

    The following combination drugs were available as of 2016:[1]

    References

    1. "International brands for Mometasone". Drugs.com. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
    2. Zia R. Tayab; Tom C. Fardon; Daniel K. C. Lee; Kay Haggart; Lesley C. McFarlane; Brian J. Lipworth & Günther Hochhaus (November 2007). "Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of urinary cortisol suppression after inhalation of fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate". Br J Clin Pharmacol. 64 (5): 698–705. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02919.x. PMC 2203259. PMID 17509041.
    3. "Mometasone Furoate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
    4. "Mometasone Furoate topical Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
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    13. Passali, D; Spinosi, MC; Crisanti, A; Bellussi, LM (2 May 2016). "Mometasone furoate nasal spray: a systematic review". Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. 11: 18. doi:10.1186/s40248-016-0054-3. PMC 4852427. PMID 27141307.
    14. Green, C; Colquitt, JL; Kirby, J; Davidson, P; Payne, E (November 2004). "Clinical and cost-effectiveness of once-daily versus more frequent use of same potency topical corticosteroids for atopic eczema: a systematic review and economic evaluation". Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England). 8 (47): iii, iv, 1–120. doi:10.3310/hta8470. PMID 15527669.
    15. Prakash, A; Benfield, P (January 1998). "Topical mometasone. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the treatment of dermatological disorders". Drugs. 55 (1): 145–63. doi:10.2165/00003495-199855010-00009. PMID 9463794.
    16. "Nasonex label" (PDF). FDA. January 2011.
    17. Bousquet, J (May 2009). "Mometasone furoate: an effective anti-inflammatory with a well-defined safety and tolerability profile in the treatment of asthma". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 63 (5): 806–19. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02003.x. PMID 19392928.
    18. Publishers, Jones and Bartlett (2009-07-15). Nurse's Drug Handbook 2010. p. 677. ISBN 978-0-7637-7900-9.
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    21. Walsky, R. L.; Gaman EA; Obach RS. (Jan 2005). "Pharmacokientics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism". Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. 45 (Pfizer Global Research and Development ed.). USA.: J Clin Pharmacol. pp. 68–78. PMID 15601807.
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