Guanadrel

Guanadrel is an antihypertensive agent.[1] It is used in the form of its sulfate.

Guanadrel
Names
IUPAC name
2-(1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-ylmethyl)guanidine
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
KEGG
MeSH C004945
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
Chemical formula
 C10H19N3O2
Molar mass 213.281 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Mechanism of action

Guanadrel is a postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent. Uptake of guanadrel and storage in sympathetic neurons occurs via the norepinephrine pump; guanadrel slowly displaces norepinephrine from its storage in nerve endings and thereby blocks the release of norepinephrine normally produced by nerve stimulation. The reduction in neurotransmitter release in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation, as a result of catecholamine depletion, leads to reduced arteriolar vasoconstriction, especially the reflex increase in sympathetic tone that occurs with a change in position. Guanadrel is rapidly and well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.[2]

In 1981 the JAMA reported guanadrel as an effective step II or step III treatment of hypertension.[3]

Chemistry

Guanadrel can be synthesized when cyclohexanone undergoes ketalization by 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, forming 2-chloromethyl-1,4-dioxyspiro[4,5]decane, which is further reacted with sodium phthalimide.[4][5][6] After alkaline hydrazinolysis, the resulting phthalimide derivative is transformed into 2-aminomethyl-1,4-dioxyspiro[4,5]decane, which is reacted with S-methylthiourea, giving the desired guanadrel.

Guanadrel synthesis

References
  1. Oren A, Rotmensch HH, Vlasses PH, et al. (1985). "A dose-titration trial of guanadrel as step-two therapy in essential hypertension". J Clin Pharmacol. 25 (5): 343–6. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02852.x. PMID 4031111.
  2. Guanadrel, from Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base
  3. M. I. Dunn and J. L. Dunlap (1981). "Guanadrel. A new antihypertensive drug". JAMA. 245 (16): 1639–42. doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310410017019. PMID 7206175.
  4. W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, FR 1522153 (1968)
  5. W.R. Hardie, J.E. Aaron, S. Afr. Pat. 67 06.328 (1968)
  6. J.E. Aaron, W.R. Hardie, U.S. Patent 3,547,951 (1970)
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