Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone, also known as ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone, is a combination birth control pill made up of ethinylestradiol, an estrogen and norethisterone a progestin.[1] It is used for birth control, symptoms of menstruation, endometriosis, and menopausal symptoms.[1][2] Other uses include acne.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1]
Combination of | |
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Ethinylestradiol | Estrogen |
Norethisterone | Progestogen |
Clinical data | |
Trade names | Alyacen, Aranelle, Balziva, Brevicon, Brevinor, Briellyn, Cyclafem, Dasetta, Femcon, Gencept, Gildagia, Jenest, Kaitlib, Modicon, N.E.E., Norcept, Norethin, Norinyl, Norquest, Nortrel, Ortho-Novum, Ovcon, Philith, Pirmella, Tri-Norinyl, Vyfemla, Wera, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601050 |
Pregnancy category |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
ATC code | |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
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Identifiers | |
CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
ChemSpider |
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Side effects can include nausea, headache, blood clots, breast pain, depression, and liver problems.[2] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, the initial three weeks after childbirth, and in those at high risk of blood clots.[2][3] It; however, may be started immediately after a miscarriage or abortion.[3] Smoking while using combined birth control pills is not recommended.[4] It works by stopping ovulation, making the uterus not suitable for implantation, and making the mucus at the opening to the cervix thick.[3]
This combination pill was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[7] In the United Kingdom three months of medication costs the NHS about 2.70 pounds.[8] In the United States it costs about $25–50 per month.[7] It is marketed under a large number of brand names.[9] In 2016 it was the 55th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 14 million prescriptions.[10]
See also
References
- "Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (HRT) medical facts from Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 365. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- "Brevinor Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- "Estrogen-Progestin Combinations". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- Haussman, Melissa (2013). Reproductive Rights and the State: Getting the Birth Control, RU-486, Morning-after Pills and the Gardasil Vaccine to the U.S. Market. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9780313398223. Archived from the original on 2016-12-24.
- "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 353. ISBN 9781284057560.
- British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 552. ISBN 9780857111562.
- "Alyacen 1/35 (birth control) medical facts from Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2016-12-24.
- "The Top 300 of 2019". clincalc.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.