Levonorgestrel butanoate

Levonorgestrel butanoate (LNG-B) (developmental code name HRP-002),[1][2] or levonorgestrel 17β-butanoate, is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group which was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the Contraceptive Development Branch (CDB) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development as a long-acting injectable contraceptive.[3][4][5] It is the C17β butanoate ester of levonorgestrel, and acts as a prodrug of levonorgestrel in the body.[4] The drug is at or beyond the phase III stage of clinical development, but has not been marketed at this time.[3] It was first described in the literature, by the WHO, in 1983, and has been under investigation for potential clinical use since then.[4][6]

Levonorgestrel butanoate
Clinical data
Other namesLNG-B; HRP-002; Levonorgestrel 17β-butanoate; 17α-Ethynyl-18-methyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-butanoate; 17α-Ethynyl-18-methylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-butanoate
Routes of
administration
Intramuscular injection
Drug classProgestogen; Progestogen ester
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ECHA InfoCard100.081.125
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC25H34O3
Molar mass382.544 g/mol g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)

LNG-B has been under investigation as a long-lasting injectable contraceptive for women.[7] A single intramuscular injection of an aqueous suspension of 5 or 10 mg LNG-B has a duration of 3 months,[3][7] whereas an injection of 50 mg has a duration of 6 months.[1] The drug was also previously tested successfully as a combined injectable contraceptive with estradiol hexahydrobenzoate, but this formulation was never marketed.[7] LNG-B has been tested successfully in combination with testosterone buciclate as a long-lasting injectable contraceptive for men as well.[8][9]

LNG-B may have several advantages over depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, including the use of much lower comparative dosages, reduced progestogenic side effects like hypogonadism and amenorrhea, and a more rapid return in fertility following discontinuation.[7][10] The drug has a well-established safety record owing to the use of levonorgestrel as an oral contraceptive since the 1960s.[7]

Parenteral potencies and durations of progestogens
ProgestogenFormMajor brand namesClassTFD
(14 days)
POIC-D
(2–3 months)
CIC-D
(month)
Duration
Algestone acetophenideOil solutionPerlutal, Topasel, YectamesPregnane?75–150 mg100 mg ≈ 14–32 days
Cyproterone acetateOil solutionAndrocur DepotPregnane?300 mg ≈ 20 days
DydrogesteroneaAqueous suspensionRetropregnane?100 mg ≈ 16–38 days
Gestonorone caproateOil solutionDepostat, PrimostatNorpregnane50 mg25–50 mg ≈ 8–13 days
Hydroxyprogesterone acetateaAqueous suspensionPregnane350 mg150–350 mg ≈ 9–16 days
Hydroxyprogesterone caproateOil solutionDelalutin, Proluton, MakenaPregnane250–500 mgb250–500 mg65–500 mg ≈ 5–21 days
Levonorgestrel butanoateaAqueous suspensionGonane?5–50 mg ≈ 3–6 months
Lynestrenol phenylpropionateaOil solutionEstrane?50–100 mg ≈ 14–30 days
Medroxyprogesterone acetateAqueous suspensionDepo-ProveraPregnane50–100 mg150 mg25 mg50–150 mg ≈ 14–50+ days
Megestrol acetateAqueous suspensionMego-EPregnane?25 mg25 mg ≈ >14 daysc
Norethisterone enanthateOil solutionNoristerat, MesigynaEstrane100–200 mg200 mg50 mg50–200 mg ≈ 11–52 days
Oxogestone phenylpropionateaOil solutionNorpregnane?100 mg ≈ 19–20 days
ProgesteroneOil solutionProgestaject, Gestone, StronePregnane200 mgb25–350 mg ≈ 2–6 days
Aqueous suspensionAgolutin DepotPregnane50–200 mg50–300 mg ≈ 7–14 days
Note: All by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. All are synthetic except for P4, which is bioidentical. P4 production during the luteal phase is ~25 (15–50) mg/day. The OID of OHPC is 250 to 500 mg/month. Footnotes: a = Never marketed by this route. b = In divided doses (2 × 125 or 250 mg for OHPC, 10 × 20 mg for P4). c = Half-life is ~14 days. Sources: Main: See template.

See also

References

  1. King TL, Brucker MC, Kriebs JM, Fahey JO (21 October 2013). Varney's Midwifery. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 495–. ISBN 978-1-284-02542-2.
  2. Shalender Bhasin (13 February 1996). Pharmacology, Biology, and Clinical Applications of Androgens: Current Status and Future Prospects. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 401–. ISBN 978-0-471-13320-9.
  3. Benno Clemens Runnebaum; Thomas Rabe; Ludwig Kiesel (6 December 2012). Female Contraception: Update and Trends. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 429–. ISBN 978-3-642-73790-9.
  4. Crabbé P, Archer S, Benagiano G, Diczfalusy E, Djerassi C, Fried J, Higuchi T (1983). "Long-acting contraceptive agents: design of the WHO Chemical Synthesis Programme". Steroids. 41 (3): 243–53. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(83)90095-8. PMID 6658872.
  5. Koetsawang S (1991). "The injectable contraceptive: present and future trends". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 626: 30–42. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37897.x. PMID 1829341.
  6. Benagiano, G., & Merialdi, M. (2011). Carl Djerassi and the World Health Organisation special programme of research in human reproduction. Journal für Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie-Journal of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology, 8(1), 10-13. http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10163.pdf
  7. Paolo Giovanni Artini; Andrea R. Genazzani; Felice Petraglia (11 December 2001). Advances in Gynecological Endocrinology. CRC Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-1-84214-071-0.
  8. C. Coutifaris; L. Mastroianni (15 August 1997). New Horizons in Reproductive Medicine. CRC Press. pp. 101–. ISBN 978-1-85070-793-6.
  9. Shio Kumar Singh (4 September 2015). Mammalian Endocrinology and Male Reproductive Biology. CRC Press. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-1-4987-2736-5.
  10. Pramilla Senanayake; Malcolm Potts (14 April 2008). Atlas of Contraception, Second Edition. CRC Press. pp. 49–. ISBN 978-0-203-34732-4.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.