کوئلہ
کوئلہ کا کان سب سے پہلے برطانیہ میں دریافت ہوا تھا۔
کوئلے میں کاربن کا عنضر نمایا ہوتا ہے جو اس کا 50 فیصد سے زیادہ وزن 70 فیصد سے زیادہ بناتا ہے۔
وہ درخت جو کسی وجہ سے زمین میں دفن ہوجاتے ہیں ہزاروں سال بعد حرارت اور دباو کی وجہ سے کوئلہ بن جاتے ہیں۔
عالمی کوئلہ ذخائر
ملک | مَعدنی کوئلَہ اور نفطی کوئلہ | ذیلی نفطی کوئلہ | بھورا کوئلہ | کل | عالمی مجموعہ کا فیصد |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
108,501 | 98,618 | 30,176 | 237,295 | 22.6 | |
49,088 | 97,472 | 10,450 | 157,010 | 14.4 | |
62,200 | 33,700 | 18,600 | 114,500 | 12.6 | |
37,100 | 2,100 | 37,200 | 76,400 | 8.9 | |
56,100 | 0 | 4,500 | 60,600 | 7.0 | |
99 | 0 | 40,600 | 40,699 | 4.7 | |
15,351 | 16,577 | 1,945 | 33,873 | 3.9 | |
21,500 | 0 | 12,100 | 33,600 | 3.9 | |
30,156 | 0 | 0 | 30,156 | 3.5 | |
9 | 361 | 13,400 | 13,770 | 1.6 | |
6,366 | 380 | 0 | 6,746 | 0.8 | |
3,474 | 872 | 2,236 | 6,528 | 0.8 | |
4,338 | 0 | 1,371 | 5,709 | 0.7 | |
1,520 | 2,904 | 1,105 | 5,529 | 0.6 | |
0 | 4,559 | 0 | 4,559 | 0.5 | |
0 | 0 | 3,020 | 3,020 | 0.4 | |
484 | 0 | 2,369 | 2,853 | 0.3 | |
1,170 | 0 | 1,350 | 2,520 | 0.3 | |
2 | 190 | 2,174 | 2,366 | 0.3 | |
0 | 166 | 1,904 | 2,070 | 0.3 | |
529 | 0 | 1,814 | 2,343 | 0.3 | |
47 | 0 | 1,853 | 1,900 | 0.2 | |
13 | 439 | 1,208 | 1,660 | 0.2 | |
0 | 0 | 1,239 | 1,239 | 0.1 | |
860 | 300 | 51 | 1,211 | 0.1 | |
1,203 | 0 | 0 | 1,203 | 0.1 | |
192 | 0 | 908 | 1,100 | 0.1 | |
0 | 0 | 812 | 812 | 0.1 | |
0 | 0 | 794 | 794 | 0.1 | |
300 | 300 | 0 | 600 | 0.1 | |
33 | 205 | 333-7,000 | 571–15,000[2] | 0.1 | |
200 | 300 | 30 | 530 | 0.1 | |
4 | 0 | 499 | 503 | 0.1 | |
502 | 0 | 0 | 502 | 0.1 | |
0 | 0 | 500 | 500 | 0.1 | |
باقی تمام | 3,421 | 1,346 | 846 | 5,613 | 0.7 |
کل دنیا | 404,762 | 260,789 | 195,387 | 860,938 | 100 |
اہم کوئلہ برآمد کنندگان
ملک | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Share |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
238.1 | 247.6 | 255.0 | 255.0 | 268.5 | 278.0 | 288.5 | 328.1 | 27.1% | |
107.8 | 131.4 | 142.0 | 192.2 | 221.9 | 228.2 | 261.4 | 316.2 | 26.1% | |
41.0 | 55.7 | 98.6 | 103.4 | 112.2 | 115.4 | 130.9 | 122.1 | 10.1% | |
43.0 | 48.0 | 51.7 | 51.2 | 60.6 | 83.5 | 60.4 | 83.2 | 6.9% | |
78.7 | 74.9 | 78.8 | 75.8 | 72.6 | 68.2 | 73.8 | 76.7 | 6.3% | |
50.4 | 56.4 | 59.2 | 68.3 | 74.5 | 74.7 | 75.7 | 76.4 | 6.3% | |
27.7 | 28.8 | 31.2 | 31.2 | 33.4 | 36.5 | 31.9 | 36.9 | 3.0% | |
30.3 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 30.5 | 32.8 | 47.6 | 33.0 | 36.3 | 3.0% | |
6.9 | 11.7 | 19.8 | 23.5 | 35.1 | 21.3 | 28.2 | 24.7 | 2.0% | |
103.4 | 95.5 | 93.1 | 85.6 | 75.4 | 68.8 | 25.2 | 22.7 | 1.9% | |
0.5 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 18.3 | 1.5% | |
28.0 | 27.5 | 26.5 | 25.4 | 20.1 | 16.1 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 1.5% | |
مجموعہ | 713.9 | 764.0 | 936.0 | 1,000.6 | 1,073.4 | 1,087.3 | 1,090.8 | 1,212.8 | 100% |
اہم کوئلہ درآمد کنندگان
ملک | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Share |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
199.7 | 209.0 | 206.0 | 182.1 | 206.7 | 17.5% | |
42.0 | 56.2 | 44.5 | 151.9 | 195.1 | 16.6% | |
84.1 | 94.1 | 107.1 | 109.9 | 125.8 | 10.7% | |
52.7 | 29.6 | 70.9 | 76.7 | 101.6 | 8.6% | |
69.1 | 72.5 | 70.9 | 64.6 | 71.1 | 6.0% | |
50.6 | 56.2 | 55.7 | 45.9 | 55.1 | 4.7% | |
22.9 | 25.8 | 21.7 | 22.7 | 30.0 | 2.5% | |
56.8 | 48.9 | 49.2 | 42.2 | 29.3 | 2.5% | |
27.9 | 28.0 | 27.9 | 20.9 | 23.7 | 1.9% | |
25.7 | 29.3 | 23.5 | 22.1 | 22.8 | 1.9% | |
28.8 | 26.3 | 34.6 | 26.8 | 21.8 | 1.9% | |
24.1 | 22.1 | 24.9 | 18.3 | 20.8 | 1.8% | |
40.3 | 38.8 | 37.8 | 23.1 | 20.6 | 1.8% | |
مجموعہ | 991.8 | 1,056.5 | 1,063.2 | 1,039.8 | 1,178.1 | 100% |
بیرونی روابط
حوالہ جات
- World Energy Council – Survey of Energy Resources 2010. (PDF) . Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
- Sherwood, Alan and Phillips, Jock. Coal and coal mining – Coal resources, Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of نیوزی لینڈ، updated 2009-03-02
- EIA International Energy Annual – Total Coal Exports (Thousand Short Tons). Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
- Table 114. World Metallurgical Coal Flows By Importing Regions and Exporting Countries 1,2/ (million short tons). eia.doe.gov
- World Coal Flows by Importing and Exporting Regions. Eia.doe.gov. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
- International Energy Annual – Total Coal Imports (Thousand Short Tons). Tonto.eia.doe.gov. Retrieved on 24 August 2012.
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