Miglitol

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.[1]

Not to be confused with Meglutol.
Miglitol
Clinical data
Trade namesGlyset
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601079
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
    Routes of
    administration    		By mouth (tablets)
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetic data
    BioavailabilityDose-dependent
    Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
    MetabolismNil
    Elimination half-life2 hours
    ExcretionRenal (95%)
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    IUPHAR/BPS
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    ECHA InfoCard100.069.670
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC8H17NO5
    Molar mass207.224 g/mol g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
    Density1.458 g/cm3
    Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
      (verify)

    Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

    In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

    See also

    References
    1. "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
    2. "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.


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