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Tickborne Diseases Abroad

Tickborne Diseases Abroad

Activities that increase risk for tick exposure worldwide include (but are not limited to): outdoor recreation such as camping, hiking, fishing, or bicycling; military training; outdoor occupations such as forestry; and collecting mushrooms, berries, or flowers in forested or agricultural areas.

 

DISEASE & ETIOLOGIC AGENT(S) GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS
Lyme Disease
Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, B. burgdorferi  sensu stricto		 Eastern and central Europe, northern Asia
Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis virus		 Temperate regions of Europe and northern Asia. May also be acquired by ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products from infected goats, sheep, or cows.
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses (includes tick typhuses)
R. akari, R. parkeri, R. africae, R. japonica, R. felis, etc. 		All continents except Antarctica. R. africae infection has been reported as a cause of fever in travelers returning from South Africa.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
CCHF virus		 Asia, Africa, and Europe. May also be acquired by contact with infected blood or saliva or inhalation of infected aerosols.
Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus		 Southwestern Russia. May also be acquired by direct contact with infected muskrats.
Kyasanur Forest Disease
Kyasanur forest disease virus		 Southern India, Saudi Arabia (aka Alkhurma disease in Saudi Arabia). Typically associated with exposure while harvesting forest products.

NOTE: Anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, TBRF, and Powassan disease can also be acquired internationally. Please see disease-specific references for more information on worldwide distribution.

REFERENCE

Goodman JL, Dennis DT, Sonenshine DE, editors. Tick-borne diseases of humans. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2005.

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