Effectiveness Research

Diabetes effectiveness research assesses whether interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor diabetes work. This research is designed to inform patients, providers, and decision makers which intervention or strategy is most effective for which population or patients under what circumstances.

Effectiveness Studies

Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study

Overall Objective: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study (DPPOS) is a follow-up study of a multicenter, randomized control trial called the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). DPP assessed whether an intensive lifestyle change intervention designed to achieve modest weight loss and increased physical activity or treatment with the oral diabetes drug metformin can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes among people at high risk. The purpose of the DPPOS study is to assess the long-term effects of the intensive lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes-related complications and cancer.

Funding Agencies:

• NIH
• CDC through an interagency agreement with NIH

Period of Funding: Ongoing until 2025

Partners:

• Universities and research institutions

Selected Publications:

1. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403.
2. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Knowler WC, Fowler SE, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009;374(9702):1677–1686. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4.

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Look AHEAD-Extension

Overall Objective: The Look AHEAD-Extension (LA-E) is a follow-up study of the Look AHEAD study. Look AHEAD was a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of intensive lifestyle interventions addressing weight loss and increased physical activity with interventions that address diabetes support and education on heart disease among overweight and obese people with type 2 diabetes. The main purpose of the LA-E is to assess the long-term effect of the intensive lifestyle intervention on life expectancy, health care costs, and the key dimensions of healthy aging (less frailty, reduced diabetic small blood vessel complications, and improved quality of life).

Funding Agencies:

• NIH
• CDC through an interagency agreement with NIH

Period of Funding: Ongoing until 2021

Partners:

• National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Selected Publication:

1. Look AHEAD Research Group. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(2):145–154.

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30-Year Follow-up of Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study

Overall Objective: The Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study (DQDPS) is a 30-year follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study (DQDPS). DQDPS was the earliest randomized controlled trial in the world to test whether lifestyle changes—including diet, exercise, or diet and exercise combined—in people with impaired glucose tolerance can prevent type 2 diabetes. The follow-up study examines the long-term effects of lifestyle changes on major cardiovascular (heart) disease, microvascular (small blood vessel) complications, and life expectancy.

Funding Agencies:

• CDC
• China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Period of Funding: 2015–2017

Grantees:

• Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
• First Da Qing Hospital, Da Qing, China

Selected Publications:

1. Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, et al. Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 23-year follow-up study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(6):474–480. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70057-9.
2. Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, et al. The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a 20-year follow-up study. Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1783–1789. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60766-7.

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