Alphalipothrixvirus

Alphatristromavirus (formerly: Alphalipothrixvirus) is a genus of viruses in the family Tristomaviridae.[1] The thermophilic archaebacterium Thermoproteus tenax serves as natural host. There are currently only two species in this genus: Thermoproteus tenax virus 1[2] and the type species Pyrobaculum filamentous virus 1[3]The genus was formerly classified into family Lipothrixviridae of order Ligamenvirales.[4]

Alphalipothrixvirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group I (dsDNA)
Family:
Tristomaviridae
Genus:
Alphatristromavirus
Type Species
  • Pyrobaculum filamentous virus 1

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[3]

Structure

Viruses in the genus Alphatristromavirus are enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 38 nm, with a length of 410 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15.9kb in length. The TTV1 virion contains four virus-encoded proteins, TP1-4.[2][5] The proteins do not display any sequence similarity to structural proteins of other viruses, including lipothrixviruses. Nucleocapsid protein TP1 has apparently evolved from a Cas4 endonuclease, a conserved component of the adaptive CRISPR-Cas immunity, presenting the first described case of exaptation of an enzyme for a virus capsid protein function.[6]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AlphalipothrixvirusRod-shapedEnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Thermoproteus archaea serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[3][2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AlphatristromavirusThermoproteus archaeaNoneInjectionBuddingCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

References
  1. Prangishvili, D; Rensen, E; Mochizuki, T; Krupovic, M; ICTV Report, Consortium (February 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Tristromaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (2): 135–136. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001190. PMID 30540248.
  2. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  3. "ICTV Report Tristromaviridae".
  4. Janekovic, D.; Wunderl, S.; Holz, I.; Zillig, W.; Gierl, A.; Neumann, H. (1 October 1983). "TTV1, TTV2 and TTV3, a family of viruses of the extremely thermophilic, anaerobic, sulfur reducing archaebacterium Thermoproteus tenax". MGG Molecular & General Genetics. 192 (1–2): 39–45. doi:10.1007/BF00327644.
  5. Neumann, Horst; Schwass, Volker; Eckerskorn, Christoph; Zillig, Wolfram (1989). "Identification and characterization of the genes encoding three structural proteins of the Thermoproteus tenax virus TTV1". MGG Molecular & General Genetics. 217 (1): 105–110. doi:10.1007/BF00330948.
  6. Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Prangishvili D, Koonin EV (2015). "Evolution of an archaeal virus nucleocapsid protein from the CRISPR-associated Cas4 nuclease". Biol Direct. 10 (1): 65. doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0093-2. PMC 4625639. PMID 26514828.
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