Picovirinae

Picovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this subfamily, divided among 2 genera.[3][4]

Picovirinae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Phylum: incertae sedis
Class: incertae sedis
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Podoviridae
Subfamily: Picovirinae
Genera[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Nanovirinae

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[4]

Two bacteriophages in this family have been found to infect and lyse Clostridium perfringens.[5] Another virus (Weissella phage phiYS61) that has been isolated is so unlike the known members that it may belong to a new genus.[6]

Structure

Viruses in Picovirinae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 54 nm. Genomes are linear, double stranded DNA, and are relatively small (between 16-20 kbp)-hence the term pico-virinae.[3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
Phi29likevirusHead-TailT=3, Q=5Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
AhjdlikevirusHead-TailT=4Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [3] They also use a typical protein primed DNA polymerase for replication, a property shared with the Tectiviridae family.

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
Phi29likevirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion
AhjdlikevirusBacteria: gram positiveNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

References
  1. "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". ictvonline.org. Virology Division of IUMS. 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  2. Lavigne, R.; Seto, D.; Mahadevan, P.; Ackermann, H. W.; Kropinki, A. M. (2008). "Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools". Research in Microbiology. 159 (5): 406–14. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.03.005. PMID 18555669.
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  4. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  5. Volozhantsev NV, Oakley BB, Morales CA, Verevkin VV, Bannov VA, Krasilnikova VM, Popova AV, Zhilenkov EL, Garrish JK, Schegg KM, Woolsey R, Quilici DR, Line JE, Hiett KL, Siragusa GR, Svetoch EA, Seal BS (2012). "Molecular characterization of podoviral bacteriophages virulent for Clostridium perfringens and their comparison with members of the Picovirinae". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e38283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038283. PMC 3362512. PMID 22666499.
  6. Kleppen HP, Holo H, Jeon SR, Nes IF, Yoon SS (2012). "Novel Podoviridae family bacteriophage infecting Weissella cibaria isolated from Kimchi". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78 (20): 7299–308. doi:10.1128/AEM.00031-12. PMC 3457107. PMID 22885743.
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