Cranioschisis

Cranioschisis (Greek: "κρανιον - kranion" skull, and "schisis - σχίσις" - split), or dysraphism, is a developmental birth defect involving the skull. In this disease, the cranium fails to close completely (especially at the occipital region). Thus, the brain is exposed to the amnios, and eventually degenerates, causing anencephaly.

Craniorachischisis is on the extreme end of the dysraphism spectrum, wherein the entire length of the neural tube fails to close.[1]

References

Larsen's Human Embryology (5 ed.). Churchill Livingstone. 2015. pp. 81–107.

Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality (Q65–Q76, 754–756.3)

Appendicular
limb / dysmelia

Arms

clavicle / shoulder:	Cleidocranial dysostosis Sprengel's deformity Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome
hand deformity:	Madelung's deformity Clinodactyly Oligodactyly Polydactyly

Leg

hip:	Dislocation of hip / Hip dysplasia Upington disease Coxa valga Coxa vara
knee:	Genu valgum Genu varum Genu recurvatum Discoid meniscus Congenital patellar dislocation Congenital knee dislocation
foot deformity:	varus Club foot Pigeon toe valgus Flat feet Pes cavus Rocker bottom foot Hammer toe

Either / both

fingers and toes	Polydactyly / Syndactyly Webbed toes Arachnodactyly Cenani–Lenz syndactylism Ectrodactyly Brachydactyly Stub thumb
reduction deficits / limb:	Acheiropodia Ectromelia Phocomelia Amelia Hemimelia
multiple joints:	Arthrogryposis Larsen syndrome Rapadilino syndrome

Axial

Skull and face

Craniosynostosis:	Scaphocephaly Oxycephaly Trigonocephaly
Craniofacial dysostosis:	Crouzon syndrome Hypertelorism Hallermann–Streiff syndrome Treacher Collins syndrome
other:	Macrocephaly Platybasia Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia Dolichocephaly Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome Plagiocephaly Saddle nose

Vertebral column

Thoracic skeleton

ribs:	Cervical Bifid
sternum:	Pectus excavatum Pectus carinatum

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Cranioschisis

See also

References