Autographivirinae

Autographivirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 15 species in this subfamily, divided among 3 genera.[2][3]

Autographivirinae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Phylum: incertae sedis
Class: incertae sedis
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Podoviridae
Subfamily: Autographivirinae
Genera[1]
Synonyms
  • T7 supergroup

History

Since the 1990s, the term "T7 supergroup" has been coined for the expanding group of bacteriophages related to coliphage T7, as members of the family Podoviridae. Enterobacteriaceae phages SP6 and K1-5 were the first to be considered as an estranged subgroup of the "T7 supergroup".[4] Pseudomonas phage phiKMV also shared commonalities at the genome organizational level. As such, based on the available morphological and proteomic data, this clade of viruses was established as a subfamily of the family Podoviridae.

Definition

The name of this subfamily, termed Autographivirinae, refers to the “auto-graphein” or “self-transcribing” phages which encode their own (single subunit) RNA polymerase, a common characteristic among its members.

Structure

Viruses in Autographivirinae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Head-tail geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are linear, around 40-42kb in length.[2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
PhikmvlikevirusHead-TailT=7Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
UnassignedHead-TailT=16Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
T7likevirusHead-TailT=7Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
Sp6likevirusHead-TailT=7Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
PhikmvlikevirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion
UnassignedBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion
T7likevirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion
Sp6likevirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[3]

Currently, the Autographivirinae are subdivided in three genera: T7likevirus, Phikmvlikevirus, and Sp6likevirus. Unclassified members include cyanophages P60, syn5 and P-SSP7. Other bacteriophages like Bacteriophage SIO1 and VpV262 are evolutionary related to the Autographivirinae, but do not contain a phage-encoded RNA polymerase and show greater differences at the genome organization level.[5] Another genus may be formed by the phages Cronobacter sakazakii Bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227, Yersinia phages ϕR8-01 and ϕ80-18 and Aeromonas phage phiAS7.[6]

Another group in this family are the cyanopodoviruses.[7]

References
  1. "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". ictvonline.org. Virology Division of IUMS. 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  2. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  3. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  4. D., Scholl; J., Kieleczawa; Kemp, P.; Rush, J.; Richardson, C. C.; Merril, C.; Adhya, S.; Molineux, I. J. (2004). "Genomic analysis of bacteriophages SP6 and K1-5, an estranged subgroup of the T7 supergroup". Journal of Molecular Biology. 335 (5): 1151–71. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.035. PMID 14729334.
  5. Lavigne, R.; Seto, D.; Mahadevan, P.; Ackermann, H. W.; Kropinski, A.M. (2008). "Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools". Research in Microbiology. 159 (5): 406–14. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.03.005. PMID 18555669.
  6. Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Alanis Villa A, Abbasifar A, Griffiths MW (2013). "The Genome of Cronobacter sakazakii Bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 Suggests a New Genus within the Autographivirinae". Genome Announc. 1 (1). doi:10.1128/genomeA.00122-12. PMC 3569369. PMID 23409275.
  7. Labrie SJ, Frois-Moniz K, Osburne MS, Kelly L, Roggensack SE, Sullivan MB, Gearin G, Zeng Q, Fitzgerald M, Henn MR, Chisholm SW (2013). "Genomes of marine cyanopodoviruses reveal multiple origins of diversity" (PDF). Environ. Microbiol. 15 (5): 1356–76. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12053. hdl:1721.1/78852. PMID 23320838.
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