Ambidensovirus

The virus genus Ambidensovirus[1] belongs to the Densovirinae subfamily[2] of the family Parvoviridae.[3][4] Members of this genus are single-stranded DNA viruses. This genus infects invertebrates, including insects, crustacea and echinoderms. There are currently eleven species in this genus including the type species Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1.[5][6]

Ambidensovirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group II (ssDNA)
Order:
Unassigned
Family:
Parvoviridae
Subfamily:
Densovirinae
Genus:
Ambidensovirus
Type species
Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1
Species
  • Asteroid ambidensovirus 1
  • Blattodean ambidensovirus 1
  • Blattodean ambidensovirus 2
  • Culex pipiens densovirus
  • Decapod ambidensovirus 1
  • Dipteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Hemipteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Hemipteran ambidensovirus 2
  • Hemipteran ambidensovirus 3
  • Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Orthopteran ambidensovirus 1

Taxonomy

Group: ssDNA

[6]

Densovirus capsid homo60mer, Decapod penstyldensovirus 1

Structure

Virions consist of non-enveloped capsids that have a round appearance and display icosahedral symmetry.[7] The virions each have an isometric (and therefore spherical) nucleocapsid with a diameter of either 18–22 nm or 20–26 nm.[7] Sixty capsomers are present in each capsid.[7] The structure of each capsomer is described as "a quadrilateral 'kite-shaped' wedge"; the surface is said to have a rough appearance with small projections.[7][8] The center of capsids are sometimes visualized as appearing dark due to stain penetration in preparations where only a single species is retrieved. The virions do not appear to contain lipids. The buoyant density (in CsCl) of the virions is 1.4–1.44 g cm−3.[7]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AmbidensovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedLinearSegmented

Genome

Ambidensoviruses have non-segmented genomes that contain a 5-6 kb linear ambisense single-stranded DNA and long inverted terminal repeats (550 bp). The ambisense genome encodes proteins on both the positive and negative sense strands,[5][9][10] Densoviruses use transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modification to produce different nonstructural proteins and structural proteins (VP).[11][8][10]

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which may be mediated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis[5] or clathrin-independent dynamin-dependent endocytosis.[12] Replication follows the rolling-hairpin model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Insects serve as the natural host.[5]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AmbidensovirusInsectsVariableReceptor-mediated endocytosisuncertainNucleusNucleusUnknown

References
  1. "ICTV 10th Report (2018) Ambidensovirus".
  2. "ICTV 10th Report (2018) Densovirinae".
  3. "ICTV 10th Report (2018) Parvoviridae".
  4. Cotmore, SF; Agbandje-McKenna, M; Canuti, M; Chiorini, JA; Eis-Hubinger, A; Hughes, J; Mietzsch, M; Modha, S; Ogliastro, M; Pénzes, JJ; Pintel, DJ; Qiu, J; Soderlund-Venermo, M; Tattersall, P; Tijssen, P; and the ICTV Report Consortium (2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Parvoviridae". Journal of General Virology. 100 (3): 367–368. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001212. PMC 6537627. PMID 30672729.
  5. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2017 Release". Retrieved 16 August 2018.
  7. "Densovirinae". ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
  8. Simpson AA, Chipman PR, Baker TS, Tijssen P, Rossmann MG (November 1998). "The structure of an insect parvovirus (Galleria mellonella densovirus) at 3.7 A resolution". Structure. 6 (11): 1355–67. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00136-1. PMC 4167665. PMID 9817847.
  9. Pham HT, Huynh OT, Jousset FX, Bergoin M, Tijssen P (August 2013). "Junonia coenia Densovirus (JcDNV) Genome Structure". Genome Announcements. 1 (4). doi:10.1128/genomeA.00591-13. PMC 3738899. PMID 23929483.
  10. Dumas B, Jourdan M, Pascaud AM, Bergoin M (November 1992). "Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned infectious genome of Junonia coenia densovirus reveals an organization unique among parvoviruses". Virology. 191 (1): 202–22. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90182-O. PMID 1413502.
  11. Bruemmer A, Scholari F, Lopez-Ferber M, Conway JF, Hewat EA (April 2005). "Structure of an insect parvovirus (Junonia coenia Densovirus) determined by cryo-electron microscopy". Journal of Molecular Biology. 347 (4): 791–801. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.02.009. PMID 15769470.
  12. Wang Y, Gosselin Grenet AS, Castelli I, Cermenati G, Ravallec M, Fiandra L, Debaisieux S, Multeau C, Lautredou N, Dupressoir T, Li Y, Casartelli M, Ogliastro M (November 2013). "Densovirus crosses the insect midgut by transcytosis and disturbs the epithelial barrier function". Journal of Virology. 87 (22): 12380–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.01396-13. PMC 3807927. PMID 24027326.

Further reading


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.