Trofinetide

Trofinetide
Legal status
Legal status	US: Investigational New Drug ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-2-methylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino}pentanedioic acid;
CAS Number	853400-76-7 ;
PubChem CID	11318905;
ChemSpider	9493869;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H21N3O6
Molar mass	315.322 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C[C@]1(CCCN1C(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H21N3O6/c1-13(5-2-6-16(13)9(17)7-14)12(22)15-8(11(20)21)3-4-10(18)19/h8H,2-7,14H2,1H3,(H,15,22)(H,18,19)(H,20,21)/t8-,13-/m0/s1; Key:BUSXWGRAOZQTEY-SDBXPKJASA-N;

Trofinetide (NNZ-2566) is a drug developed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals that acts as an analogue of the neuropeptide (1-3) IGF-1, which is a simple tripeptide with sequence Gly-Pro-Glu formed by enzymatic cleavage of the growth factor IGF-1 within the brain. Trofinetide has anti-inflammatory properties and was originally developed as a potential treatment for stroke,[1][2] but has subsequently been developed for other applications and is now in Phase II clinical trials against Fragile X syndrome and Rett syndrome.[3][4][5]

References

Bickerdike MJ, Thomas GB, Batchelor DC, Sirimanne ES, Leong W, Lin H, et al. (March 2009). "NNZ-2566: a Gly-Pro-Glu analogue with neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of acute focal stroke". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 278 (1–2): 85–90. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.003. PMID 19157421.
Cartagena CM, Phillips KL, Williams GL, Konopko M, Tortella FC, Dave JR, Schmid KE (September 2013). "Mechanism of action for NNZ-2566 anti-inflammatory effects following PBBI involves upregulation of immunomodulator ATF3". Neuromolecular Medicine. 15 (3): 504–14. doi:10.1007/s12017-013-8236-z. PMID 23765588.
Deacon RM, Glass L, Snape M, Hurley MJ, Altimiras FJ, Biekofsky RR, Cogram P (March 2015). "NNZ-2566, a novel analog of (1-3) IGF-1, as a potential therapeutic agent for fragile X syndrome". Neuromolecular Medicine. 17 (1): 71–82. doi:10.1007/s12017-015-8341-2. PMID 25613838.
Study Details - Rett Syndrome Study
Neuren’s trofinetide successful in Phase 2 clinical trial in Fragile X

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[1] Bickerdike MJ, Thomas GB, Batchelor DC, Sirimanne ES, Leong W, Lin H, et al. (March 2009). "NNZ-2566: a Gly-Pro-Glu analogue with neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of acute focal stroke". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 278 (1–2): 85–90. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.003. PMID 19157421.

[2] Cartagena CM, Phillips KL, Williams GL, Konopko M, Tortella FC, Dave JR, Schmid KE (September 2013). "Mechanism of action for NNZ-2566 anti-inflammatory effects following PBBI involves upregulation of immunomodulator ATF3". Neuromolecular Medicine. 15 (3): 504–14. doi:10.1007/s12017-013-8236-z. PMID 23765588.

[3] Deacon RM, Glass L, Snape M, Hurley MJ, Altimiras FJ, Biekofsky RR, Cogram P (March 2015). "NNZ-2566, a novel analog of (1-3) IGF-1, as a potential therapeutic agent for fragile X syndrome". Neuromolecular Medicine. 17 (1): 71–82. doi:10.1007/s12017-015-8341-2. PMID 25613838.

[4] Study Details - Rett Syndrome Study

[5] Neuren’s trofinetide successful in Phase 2 clinical trial in Fragile X