Teprotumumab

Teprotumumab (RG-1507) is an experimental human monoclonal antibody developed by Genmab and Roche. It binds to IGF-1R.

Teprotumumab
Monoclonal antibody
TypeWhole antibody
SourceHuman
TargetIGF-1R
Clinical data
ATC code
  • none
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
  • none
UNII
KEGG
ECHA InfoCard100.081.384
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC6476H10012N1748O2000S40
Molar mass145.6 kg/mol g·mol−1
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Teprotumumab was first investigated for the treatment of solid and hematologic tumors, including breast cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer and sarcoma.[1][2] Although results of phase I and early phase II trials showed promise, research for these indications were discontinued in 2009 by Roche. Phase II trials still in progress were allowed to complete, as the development was halted due to business prioritization rather than safety concerns.

Teprotumumab was subsequently licensed to River Vision Development Corporation in 2012 for research in the treatment of ophthalmic conditions. Horizon Pharma (now Horizon Therapeutics, from hereon Horizon) acquired RVDC in 2017, and will continue clinical trials.[3] It is in phase III trials for Graves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease (TED)) and phase I for diabetic macular edema.[4] It was granted Breakthrough Therapy, Orphan Drug Status and Fast Track designations by the FDA for Graves' ophthalmopathy.[5]

In a multicenter randomized trial in patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy Teprotumumab was more effective than placebo in reducing the clinical activity score and proptosis.[6] In February 2019 Horizon announced results from a phase 3 confirmatory trial evaluating teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease (TED). The study met its primary endpoint, showing more patients treated with teprotumumab compared with placebo had a meaningful improvement in proptosis, or bulging of the eye: 82.9 percent of teprotumumab patients compared to 9.5 percent of placebo patients achieved the primary endpoint of a 2 mm or more reduction in proptosis (p<0.001). Proptosis is the main cause of morbidity in TED. All secondary endpoints were also met and the safety profile was consistent with the phase 2 study of teprotumumab in TED.[7] On 10th of July 2019 Horizon submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the FDA for teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). Horizon requested priority review for the application - if so granted (FDA has a 60-day review period to decide) it would result in a max. 6 month review process.[8]

References


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