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TOTAL WORKER HEALTH

Planning, Assessment, and Evaluation Resources

How safe and healthy is your workplace environment? Are your employees engaged? What are your organization’s most important safety and health challenges and priorities? Do supervisors and managers have the skills they need to protect and nurture the workforce?

There are many important factors to consider when planning Total Worker Health® programs, policies, and practices that protect from work-related safety and health hazards and promote injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being. This page provides planning, assessment, and evaluation resources to help your organization create and sustain a culture of total worker health. Some resources in the table below may offer information that is focused on the protection from work-related safety and health hazards, while other resources may focus on the promotion of injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being. For this reason, users seeking to plan, assess, and evaluate their TWH efforts are encouraged to consider multiple resources in developing solutions tailored to the needs of their organization.

Planning Resources

Planning tools for programs, policies and practices are essential for developing a robust Total Worker Health (TWH) initiative. The table below provides the latest guidelines and strategies that can assist in implementing integrated health protection efforts with a broad spectrum of opportunities to improve worker health and well-being. Additional TWH planning resources can also be found on the NIOSH TWH website, including the NIOSH TWH webinar series and on-demand training

Assessment Resources

While measures exist to assess workplace safety and health, they do not often focus on the synergistic effects of both approaches. Given that organizations vary in resource availability, existing assessments may also be long or impractical for some organizations. The table below highlights emerging and existing assessment tools to consider when developing a cohesive workplace safety, health, and well-being program. Some of the featured resources focus primarily on workplace safety or worker health individually. These resources can be combined with others to offer a more comprehensive organizational assessment.

Evaluation Resources

Evaluation is the systematic study of the value or significance of an object, which can include an intervention/activity, program, or policy. There are varied approaches for conducting evaluations.[1] The evaluation can focus on the implementation process and/or achieved outcomes, with the overall goal of improvement. An effective evaluation design should address these questions:

  • What will be evaluated?
  • What is the standard for success (e.g., performance level)?
  • What evidence will be used to indicate success?
  • What conclusions are justified by comparing the available evidence to the standards for success?
  • How will evaluation findings be used to improve effectiveness?

Program evaluation is an essential element of effective, comprehensive workplace programs that aim to protect and improve worker safety, health, and well-being. Evaluation results can drive program improvement by enabling key decision-makers to have sufficient, reliable information on which to base their decisions for change. Employers may be at different stages in implementing a TWH initiative. Some employers may have strong occupational safety and health programs and policies in the absence of any initiatives that promote worker well-being, while other employers may have both, but such that these functions are siloed, existing in different parts of the organization. Routine program monitoring and evaluation allows employers to capture where they are in their process of implementing TWH approaches, and to make informed decisions about how to proceed.[2]  The table below provides evaluation resources that may be helpful in evaluating a TWH initiative.

About the Resource Table

The table below features resources that can support the planning, assessment, and evaluation of TWH programs, policies and practices. The column cells under the name and description of each resource point out where information specific to assessment, planning, or evaluation can be found within the resource. A blank column cell indicates that the resource does not contain information specific to the column heading. This non-exhaustive list of free, publicly available sample resources is provided for general knowledge and guidance.

Table 1. Examples of Resources for Planning, Assessing, and Evaluating Total Worker Health Programs, Policies and Practices

Planning

Assessment

Evaluation

Indicators of Integration by the Harvard Center for Work, Health, & Well-being, Harvard Center for Work, Health, Wellbeing, 2015
The scorecard can be used to assess the extent to which a company has integrated programs, policies and practices related to protecting and promoting worker safety, health, and well-being. The tool aims to identify areas of potential strength and improvement that a company may experience along the continuum to become more fully integrated.
Results can be used to generate discussions on program planning See link for tool

See link for article that informed the development of indicators of integration
Indicators can be used to track progress;
over time.
See related link article section: Integrated Evaluation and Surveillance
Using Total Worker Health® Concepts to Enhance Workplace Tobacco Prevention and Control, NIOSH Workplace Solutions, 2015
Worksite health promotion programs designed to improve worker health, such as those that help workers stop or reduce tobacco use, have traditionally focused on individual factors and not taken work-related exposures and hazards into account.
May assist in the development of other TWH approaches to tackle specific workplace issues    
CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2014
A tool to assist employers in identifying gaps in health, well-being and safety programs, and to prioritize high-impact strategies for worksite programs on a range of health topics such as occupational safety and health, organizational supports, stress management, depression, and physical activity.
  Information on website

Direct link to ScoreCard
 
The HERO Employee Health Management Best Practices Scorecard V4.0, HERO in collaboration with Mercer, 2014
Developed in collaboration with leading researchers and industry experts on workplace health and well-being best practices, the HERO Scorecard V4.0 provides organizations with an instant assessment of how their workplace health and well-being program stacks up to others nationally.
  Information on website

Direct link to ScoreCard
Direct link to ScoreCard
Indicators can be used to track progress over time
CPH-NEW Healthy Workplace Participatory Program, Center for Promotion and Health in the New England Workplace (CPH-NEW), 2013
An interactive assessment and seven-step planning process to help create a new program or enhance and integrate existing programs.
See Website Sections:
Get Ready for a Start
Form Steering Committee
Identify and Train Facilitators
Form Design Team
Generate Solutions Using the IDEAS Tool
See Website Sections:
Identify Health and Safety Priorities
See Website Sections:
Evaluate Your Program
NIOSH Quality of Worklife Questionnaire, NIOSH Division of Applied Research and Technology (DART), Website last updated in 2013
Questions measure the relationship between job/organizational characteristics and worker health and safety, and identify targets for health and safety preventive interventions.
  See Website Sections:
Overview
Categories and Constructs Measured
Download the Questionnaire
 
CDC Workplace Health Promotion – Evaluation Website, CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Website last updated in 2013
A website providing comprehensive guidance and resources on how to conduct an evaluation focused on workplace health. Website content also includes various health topics addressed in the evaluation module.
    Information on website
CDC National Healthy Worksite Program (NHWP) Health and Safety Climate Survey (INPUTS™), CDC National Healthy Worksite Program, 2013
A short survey to assess employee perceptions of the work environment, working conditions and attitudes towards supervisors and coworkers for developing a healthy worksite culture.
  See website for assessment
See manual for survey details
See NHWP website for additional information
 
SafeWell Practice Guidelines: An Integrated Approach to Worker Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Work, Health, and Well-Being, 2012
A model and resource for comprehensive approaches to worker health that integrate and coordinate efforts to promote healthy behaviors, ensure a safe and healthy work environment, and provide resources for balancing work and life.
Chapters 1, 2   Chapter 4
Organization of Work Measurement Tools for Research and Practice, NIOSH Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS), 2012
This website houses links for researchers to quickly and easily identify available instruments for measuring organizational characteristics that may be useful for advancing research on the associations between work organization and worker safety, health, and well-being.
  See Website Sections:
Search for a Measure
Other Measurement Resources
National Survey Links
 
The Whole Worker: Guidelines for Integrating Occupational health and Safety with Workplace Wellness Programs, State of California Commission on Health and Safety and Workers’ Compensation (CHSWC), 2010
Educational material based on a roundtable discussion convened by the CHSWC on how to combine workplace wellness programs with occupational health and safety.
Pgs. 9-28   Page 29, item 10
Essential Elements of Effective Workplace Programs and Policies for Improving Worker Health and Wellbeing, NIOSH, 2008
The document is intended as a guide for employers and employer-employee partnerships wishing to establish effective workplace programs that sustain and improve worker health. It identifies twenty components of a comprehensive work-based safety and health program and includes both guiding principles and practical direction for organizations seeking to develop effective workplace programs.
Document can be used as a practical starting point for implementing a comprehensive and integrated workplace health and safety program.    
The Corporate Health Achievement Award (CHAA), American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine and GlaxoSmith Kline; 2005
An on-line self-assessment that reviews an organization’s program components, outcome measures, trends, and dissemination in order to enable the organization to establish a healthy, safe and productive environment for their workers.  This self-assessment is valuable to organizations of all sizes and can be used in evaluating an organization’s health, safety, and environmental programs against the CHAA standards. It will also allow organizations to benchmark themselves against CHAA recipients as well as similar organizations.
  To complete the assessment, register or view the demo at the top of this page Indicators can be used to track progress over time.
Full assessment can be accessed here
Integrating Employee Health: A Model Program for NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2005
Chapter 6 of the document focuses on integrated data management/analysis as a key concept in program implementation and measurement of an integrated health management program. The chapter discusses types of information and metrics to include in systematic data collection that allows for data integrity and consistency.
    Chapter 6
Conducting a Safety & Health Checkup, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010
An e-tool that can be used to assess a company’s safety and health system with sections on management leadership/employee involvement, worksite analysis, hazard prevention and control, and safety and health training.
  See website for assessment  
How to Evaluate Safety and Health Changes in the Workplace – Does it Really Work?, NIOSH, 2004
This document provides simple, practical information on evaluating safety and health changes in the workplace (see page 15), as well as four case study examples. Information presented falls into the following four categories: 1) forming a team, 2) collecting relevant data, 3) analyzing data, and 4) sharing your results
    Pgs. 15-26
NIOSH Guide to Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Prevention Work Injuries: How to show whether a safety intervention really works (2001).The guide provides students, researchers and practitioners with tools and concepts required to conduct systematic evaluations of injury prevention initiatives and safety programs. Included is an introduction to safety intervention effectiveness evaluation; evaluation planning, three chapters on selecting a study design and who to include; measuring outcomes; qualitative methods, and statistical issues.
    See whole document

[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Evaluation Framework (http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework/index.htm); University of Washington Office of Educational Assessment (http://www.washington.edu/oea/services/research/program_eval/faq.html)
[2] Sorensen, G., McLellan, D., Dennerlein, J. T., Pronk, N. P., Allen, J. D., Boden, L. I., ... & Wagner, G. R. (2013). Integration of health protection and health promotion: Rationale, indicators, and metrics. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(12 0), S12.
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