MMWR – Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

1. World No Tobacco Day — May 31, 2011 (Box)

CDC Division of News and Electronic Media
(404) 639-3286

No summary available

2. Cigarette Package Health Warnings and Interest in Quitting Smoking — 14 Countries, 2008–2010

CDC Office of Smoking and Health
News Media Line
(770) 488-5493

This report examines smoking prevalence, warning labels, and interest in quitting smoking among adult cigarette smokers, using data from the 2008–2010 Global Adult Tobacco Surveys conducted in 14 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, the Russian Federation, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Viet Nam. The report finds that adult usage of manufactured cigarettes varied widely and that warnings on cigarette packages prompt smokers to think of quitting. Among men, manufactured cigarette smoking prevalence ranged from 9.6 percent (India) to 59.3 percent (Russian Federation). Among women, prevalence was highest in Poland (22.9 percent) and less than 2 percent in Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Prominent, pictorial warnings on cigarette packages are most effective in communicating the harms of smoking and are strongly encouraged by the World Health Organization. Graphic pictorial warnings on cigarette packages are a high-impact, cost-effective element of tobacco control that can save lives by helping to prevent tobacco use initiation, increase cessation, and reduce public acceptance of tobacco use.

3. Human Jamestown Canyon Virus Infection — Montana, 2009

John Ebelt
Public Information Officer
Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services
(406) 444-0936

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a mosquito borne pathogen that circulates widely in North America primarily between deer and a variety of mosquito species. JCV can also infect humans, but reports of human JCV infections in the United States have been rare and confined to the midwestern and northeastern states. Most reported illnesses caused by JCV have been mild, but moderate-to-severe central nervous system involvement including meningoencephalitis has been documented. In May 2009, the first human case of JCV infection in Montana was detected, suggesting that the geographic distribution of human JCV infection is wider than previously recognized, and that increased JCV surveillance is needed to determine whether mosquito-borne viruses other than West Nile virus (WNV) pose a risk to humans in the region. The recent detection of a human JCV infection in Montana with illness onset in May means that mosquito borne virus transmission and disease begins in spring and lasts until the first freeze and indicates a much longer mosquito-borne disease risk than previously indicated by WNV alone.

4. The Contribution of Occupational Physical Activity Toward Meeting Recommended Physical Activity Guidelines — United States, 2007

Timothy J. Church
Director of Communications
Washington State Department of Health
(360) 236-4077

Physical activity on-the-job can contribute to a person's overall physical activity level. The current physical activity guidelines do not distinguish between work and leisure physical activity. This study found that about two thirds (64.3 percent) of U.S. adults met minimum physical activity guidelines through leisure time activity. When on-the-job activity was also considered, an additional 6.5 percent of adults very likely met the guidelines. Public health monitoring of physical activity that includes both work and leisure physical activity could more accurately describe whether persons are getting sufficient physical activity.

5. Recommendations for Use of a Booster Dose of Inactivated Vero Cell Culture-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2011

CDC Division of News and Electronic Media
(404) 639-3286

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that if the primary 2-dose series of IXIARO was administered more than 1 year previously, a booster dose may be given prior to potential JE virus exposure. Data on the need for and timing of booster doses of inactivated Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IXIARO) were not available when the vaccine was licensed. In February 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reviewed IXIARO clinical trial data and concluded that the decreased percentage of subjects with neutralizing antibody levels at ≥12 months following the first dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series indicated the need for a booster dose, and there was an acceptable safety profile and immune response following a booster dose administered at ≥12 months.

6. Update on Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine for Children — United States, May 2011

CDC Division of News and Electronic Media
(404) 639-3286

Inactivated mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (manufactured as JE-Vax), the only JE vaccine that is licensed in the United States for use in children, is no longer available. In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an inactivated Vero cell culture-derived JE vaccine (manufactured as Ixiaro) for use in adults aged ≥17 years. Although pediatric studies are ongoing, it will likely be several years before Ixiaro is licensed in the United States for use in children. Current options for obtaining JE vaccine for U.S. children include 1) enroll children in the ongoing clinical trial, 2) administer Ixiaro off-label, or 3) receive JE vaccine at an international travelers' health clinic in Asia.

 

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES