Part A

Main Message

• David, P. (1998). News concreteness and visual-verbal association: Do news pictures narrow the recall gap between concrete and abstract news? Human Communication Research, 25, 180–201.
• Fagerlin, A., & Peters, E. (2011). Quantitative information. In B. Fischhoff, N. T. Brewer, & J. S. Downs (Eds.), Communicating risks and benefits: An evidence-based users’ guide (pp. 53–64). Silver Spring, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration.
• Garcia-Retamero, R., & Galesic, M. (2010). Who profits from visual aids: Overcoming challenges in people’s understanding of risks  [corrected]. Social Science and Medicine, 70(7), 1019–1025.
• Lorch, R., & Lorch, E. (1995). Effects of organizational signals on text-processing strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(4), 537–544.
• Morrow, D., D’andrea, L., Stine-Morrow, E.A.L., Shake, M., Bertel, S., Chin, J., Kopren, K., Gao, X., Conner- Garcia, T., Graumlich, J., & Murray, M. (2012). Comprehension of multimedia health information among older adults with chronic illness. Visual Communication, 11,347.
• Peters, E., Dieckmann, N., Dixon, A., Hibbard, J., & Mertz, C. (2007). Less is more in presenting quality information to consumers. Medical Care Research and Review, 64(2), 169–190.
• Tait, A. R., Voepel-Lewis, T., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., & Fagerlin, A. (2010a). The effect of format on parents’ understanding of the risks and benefits of clinical research: A comparison between text, tables, and graphics. Journal of Health Communication, 15(5), 487–501.
• Tait, A. R., Voepel-Lewis, T., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., & Fagerlin, A. (2010b). Presenting research risks and benefits to parents: Does format matter? Anesthesia and Analgesia, 111(3), 718–723.
• Yin, H., Mendelsohn, A., Fierman, A., van Schaick, L., Bazan, I., & Dreyer, B. (2011). Use of a pictograph diagram to decrease parent dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: A health literacy perspective. Academic Pediatrics, 11(1), 50–5

Call to Action

• Luszczynska, A. Tryburcy, M. & Schwarzer, R. (2007). Improving fruit and vegetable consumption: A self-efficacy intervention compared with a combined self-efficacy and planning intervention. Health Education Research, 22 (5), 630-638.
• Prochaska, J., & DiClemente, C. (1983). Stages and process of self-change of smoking: Towards an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390-395.

Language

• Adams, M.,& Bruck, M. (1993). Word recognition: The interface of educational policies and scientific research. Reading and Writing, 5(2), 113-139.
• Reddish, J. (2007). Letting go of the words: Writing web content that works. San Francisco, CA: Elsevier.

Information Design

• Lorch, R., & Lorch, E. (1995). Effects of organizational signals on text-processing strategies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(4), 537-544.
• Lorch, R., & Lorch, E. (1996). Effects of organizational signals on free recall of expository text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88(1), 38-48.
• Lorch, R., Lorch, E., & Inman, W. (1993). Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(2), 281-290.
• Peters, E., Dieckmann, N., Dixon, A., Hibbard, J., & Mertz, C. (2007). Less is more in presenting quality information to consumers. Medical Care Research and Review, 64(2), 169-190.
• Plain Language.gov. (2011, March). Federal plain language guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.plainlanguage.gov/howto/guidelines/FederalPLGuidelines/TOC.cfm .
• Spyridakis, J. H. (1989). Signaling effects: Part II. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 19(4), 395-415.
• Trevena, L., Davey, H., Barratt, A., Butow, P., & Caldwell, P. (2006). A systematic review on communicating with patients about evidence. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 12, 13-23.

State of the Science

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Crisis and emergency risk communication. Retrieved from Crisis Emergency and Risk Communication 2014 Edition [10 MB].

• Nelson, D. E., Hesse, B. W., & Croyle, R. T. (2009). Making data talk: Communicating public health data to the public, policy makers, and the press. New York: Oxford University Press.