ABCs Report: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2008

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February 2, 2010: Content on this page kept for historical reasons.

Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs): Emerging Infections Program Network

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ABCs Areas

California (San Francisco County and children < 5 years in Alameda and Contra Costa counties); Colorado (5 county Denver area); Connecticut; Georgia (20 county Atlanta area); Maryland (6 county Baltimore area); Minnesota; New Mexico; New York (15 county Rochester and Albany areas and children <5 years in Erie county); Oregon (3 county Portland area); Tennessee (11 urban counties)

ABCs Population

The surveillance areas represent 28,856,774 persons.
Source: National Center for Health Statistics bridged-race vintage 2008 postcensal file

ABCs Case Definition

Invasive pneumococcal disease: isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from normally sterile site in resident of a surveillance area in 2008.

ABCs Methodology

ABCs personnel routinely contacted all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Standardized case report forms that include information on demographic characteristics, clinical syndrome, and outcome of illness were completed for each identified case. Pneumococcal isolates were collected and sent to reference laboratories for susceptibility testing using NCCLS methods and serotyping. Regular laboratory audits assessed completeness of active surveillance and detected additional cases.

Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease were calculated using population estimates for 2008. For national estimates, race- and age-specific rates of disease were applied from the aggregate surveillance area to the age and racial distribution of the 2008 U.S. population. Cases with unknown race were distributed by area based on reported race distribution for known cases within the eight age categories.

Reported ABCs Profiles

Race	No.	(Rate^*)
White	2,902	(12.8)
Black	1,049	(23.2)
Other	235	(13.4)

Unknown race (n=700) distributed amongst known

^* Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Age (years)	Cases No. (Rate^*)	Deaths No. (Rate^*)
<1	164 (36.7)	4 (0.90)
1	139 (31.3)	0 (0.00)
2-4	154 (11.8)	2 (0.15)
5-17	137 (2.8)	2 (0.04)
18-34	284 (4.3)	7 (0.11)
35-49	849 (13.0)	70 (1.07)
50-64	1,121 (21.0)	118 (2.21)
≥ 65	1,338 (40.4)	210 (6.35)
Total	4,186 (14.5)	413 (1.43)

^*Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Syndrome	No.	(%^*)
Meningitis	263	(6.3)
Bacteremia without focus	788	(18.8)
Pneumonia with bacteremia	2,925	(69.9)

^*Percent of cases

Antibiotic Susceptibility	S* %	I^† %	R^‡ %
Penicillin	76.0	12.7	11.3
Cefotaxime	92.7	5.8	1.5
Erythromycin	76.3	0.30	23.4
TMP/Sulfa	78.4	7.1	14.5
Tetracycline	87.3	0.20	12.5
Levofloxacin	99.6	0.10	0.33
Vancomycin	100.0	0.0	0.0

Based on reference lab testing of 3,631 isolates

^* Susceptible; ^† Intermediate; ^‡ Resistant based on year 2008 CLSI definitions

National Estimates of Invasive Disease

Cases: 44,000 (14.5/100,000)
Deaths: 4,500 (1.5/100,000)

Healthy People 2010 Update

Objective: Decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections to 46 per 100,000 persons less than 5 years of age and to 42 per 100,000 persons aged 65 and older.

Age (year)	2010 Objective	2008 Rate^*
< 5	46/100,000	20.2/100,000
≥ 65	42/100,000	40.4/00,000

*Cases per 100,000 U.S. population < 5 years or ≥ 65 years

Citation

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2008.

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