ABCs Report: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2001

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February 2, 2010: Content on this page kept for historical reasons.

Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs): Emerging Infections Program Network

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ABCs Areas

California (San Francisco County and children <5 years in Alameda and Contra Costa counties); Colorado (5 county Denver area); Connecticut; Georgia (20 county Atlanta area); Maryland (6 county Baltimore area); Minnesota (7 county Twin Cities area); New York (7 county Rochester area and 8 county Albany area); Oregon (3 county Portland area); Tennessee (11 urban counties)

ABCs Population

The surveillance areas represent 22,479,308 persons. Source: National Center for Health Statistics bridged-race vintage 2001 postcensal file

ABCs Case Definition

Invasive pneumococcal disease: isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from normally sterile site in resident of a surveillance area in 2001.

ABCs Methodology

Project personnel communicated at least monthly with contacts in all microbiology laboratories serving acute care hospitals in their area to identify cases. Standardized case report forms included information on demographic characteristics, clinical syndrome, and illness outcome were completed for each case. Pneumococcal isolates were collected, tested for susceptibility at reference laboratories using NCCLS methods, and serotyped at CDC. Regular laboratory audits assessed completeness of active surveillance and detected additional cases.

Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease were calculated using population estimates for 2001. For national projections, race- and age-specific rates of disease were applied from the aggregate surveillance area to the age and racial distribution of the 2001 U. S. population. Cases with unknown race were distributed by area based on reported race distribution for known cases within the eight age categories.

Reported ABCs Profiles

Race	No.	(Rate^*)
White	2,541	(14.5)
Black	1,284	(34.3)
Other	87	(7.5)

Unknown race (n=450) distributed among knowns.

^* Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Ethnicity	No.	(Rate^*)
Hispanic	199	(11.9)
Non-Hispanic	1,832	------
Unknown	1,882	------

*Cases per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Citation

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Report, Emerging Infections Program Network, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2001.

Age (years)	Cases No. (Rate^*)	Deaths No. (Rate^*)
<1	187 (52.3)	2 (0.6)
1	232 (68.6)	4 (1.2)
2-4	275 (27.5)	5 (0.5)
5-17	153 (3.8)	4 (0.1)
18-34	282 (5.2)	15 (0.3)
35-49	875 (16.0)	98 (1.8)
50-64	687 (20.2)	105 (3.1)
≥ 65	1,221 (50.8)	283 (11.8)
Total	3,913 (17.4)	517 (2.3)

^*Cases or deaths per 100,000 population for ABCs areas

Syndrome	No.	(%^*)
Meningitis	209	(5.3)
Bacteremia without focus	896	(22.9)
Pneumonia with bacteremia	2,666	(68.1)

^*Percent of cases

Antibiotic Susceptibility	S* %	I^† %	R^‡ %
Penicillin	74.9	9.6	15.5
Cefotaxime	83.9	10.5	5.6
Erythromycin	80.6	0.2	19.2
TMP/Sulfa	70.4	5.6	24.0
Levofloxacin	99.3	0.0	0.7
Vancomycin	100.0	0.0	0.0

Based on reference lab testing of 3,447 isolates.

^* Susceptible; ^† Intermediate; ^‡ Resistant based on year 2001 NCCLS definitions

National Projections of Invasive Disease

Cases: 48,650 (17.1/100,000)
Deaths: 6,900 (2.4/100,000)

Healthy People 2010 Update

Objective: Decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections to 50 per 100,000 persons less than 5 years of age and to 46 per 100,000 persons aged 65 and older.