Triangles of the neck

Anatomists use the term triangles of the neck to describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.

Triangles of the neck
The triangles of the neck.
Side of neck, showing chief surface markings. (Nerves are yellow, arteries are red.)
Details
Identifiers
LatinTrigonum cervicale
Trigonum colli
Regio cervicalis
Anatomical terminology

The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck; behind, by the anterior margin of the trapezius.

This space is subdivided into two large triangles by sternocleidomastoid, which passes obliquely across the neck, from the sternum and clavicle below, to the mastoid process and occipital bone above.

The triangular space in front of this muscle is called the anterior triangle of the neck; and that behind it, the posterior triangle of the neck.

The anterior triangle is further divided into muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental and the posterior into occipital and subclavian triangles.[1]

Clinical Relevance

The use of the divisions described as the triangles of the neck permit the effective communication of the location of palpable masses located in the neck between healthcare professionals.

The common anterior midline of the swellings are:

  • Enlarged submental lymph nodes and sublingual dermoid in the submental region.
  • Thyroglossal cyst and inflamed subhyoid bursa just below the hyoid bone.
  • Goitre, carcinoma of larynx and enlarged lymph nodes in the suprasternal region.

Additional images
  • Lateral head anatomy detail

References
  1. Canby, Craig (2016-06-29). "Triangles of the neck". Lecturio. Retrieved 2017-03-27.

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 563 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  • lesson6 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
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