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Post-lumbar puncture headache
From WikEM
Contents
Background
- 10-36% of patients develop headache within 24-48hrs post-LP
- Also known as "Postdural Puncture Headaches"
Clinical Features
- Worsening with upright position and relief with recumbency
Differential Diagnosis
Headache
Common
Killers
- Meningitis/encephalitis
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)
- SAH / sentinel bleed
- Acute obstructive hydrocephalus
- Space occupying lesions
- CVA
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Basilar artery dissection
- Preeclampsia
- Cerebral venous thrombosis
- Hypertensive emergency
- Depression
Maimers
- Temporal arteritis
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (aka Pseudotumor Cerebri)
- Acute Glaucoma
- Acute sinusitis
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis or cerebral sinus thrombosis
Others
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- TMJ pain
- Post-lumbar puncture headache
- Dehydration
- Analgesia abuse
- Various ocular and dental problems
- Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
- Herpes zoster oticus
- Cryptococcosis
- Febrile headache (e.g. pyelonephritis, nonspecific viral infection)
- Ophthalmoplegic migraine
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Aseptic Meningitis
- Viral
- Varicella
- Herpes
- Enterovirus
- West Nile
- Tuberculosis
- Lyme disease
- Syphilis
- Drug induced aseptic meningitis
- Fungal (AIDS, transplant, chemotherapy, chronic steroid use)
- Noninfectious
- Sarcoidosis
- Vasculitis
- Connective tissues disease
Evaluation
- Normally by history
Management
- Simple analgesics
- IV fluids
- IV caffeine[1]
- 500mg (in 1 L of NS) over 1 hour, followed by 1 L of NS x 1 hour
- Give second dose in 4 hours if pain persists
- Blood patch if above fails
Prevention
- Minimize risk by:
- Orienting needle bevel parallel to longitudinal fibers of dura
- Using smaller-bore needles
- Using atraumatic needles
- Recumbency and bedrest NOT effective
References
- ↑ Yücel A, Ozyalçin S, Talu GK, et al. Intravenous administration of caffeine sodium benzoate for postdural puncture headache. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999; 24:51.
Authors
Ross Donaldson, Jordan Swartz, Neil Young, Daniel Ostermayer
