Methods

Details procedural information on a unique source of asthma data, the National Asthma Survey (NAS). Includes description of methods including questionnaire design and implementation, data collection, and quality control of data.

Step-by-step instructions to follow for successfully completing the CHANGE tool. CHANGE can be used to gain a picture of the policy, systems, and environmental change strategies currently in place throughout the community; develop a community action plan for improving policies, systems, and the environment to support healthy lifestyles; and assist with prioritizing community needs and allocating available resources.

Fundamental concepts for surveillance in public health. Helps project teams and task managers critically assess the public health surveillance system (or systems) currently operating in a given country, and have some idea of ways to improve these systems.

Describes the origins, validity, and value of a set of survey measures developed by CDC and its partners for use in tracking population health status and HRQOL in states and communities. Showcases answers to questions people commonly ask about HRQOL and its measurement.

Targets program managers and surveillance staff in state health agencies who are involved in the implementation of NEDSS. Section I describes NEDSS and the NEDSS architecture. Section II details NEDSS implementation options for state programs. Some guidance is provided on how to choose the best solution for each state and how many systems should be included in NEDSS. Section III includes a brief description of the resources needed at the state level for the implementation of NEDSS. In addition, connectivity, security, and other important issues (such as confidentiality and legal authority to collect and access surveillance information) are discussed.

Provides current, in-depth information on bioterrorism, influenza, and new hot topics; original news stories; and comprehensive and current lists of guidelines and articles in the literature with Web links. Offers a balance of public health, medical, and public policy information.

Details activities and responsibilities of the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) participants, including sentinel sites, regional laboratories, and CDC. Discusses general project issues such as quality assurance, human subjects, publications, and use of GISP isolates and data.

Discusses standardization of surveillance for mosquito-borne viral encephalitis. Discusses the philosophy of surveillance and the range of available tools; recommends surveillance methods for each of the common encephalitides found in the U.S.; reviews briefly the biology and behavior of the vectors and vertebrate hosts of the major encephalitides.

Helps national AIDS program managers and epidemiologists responsible for monitoring trends in HIV prevalence in resource-constrained countries. Provides information on how to: conduct HIV serosurveys among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics, collect and/or use serosurveillance data, and use HIV seroprevalence data among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and hospital inpatients.

Targets local, state and federal agencies and provides model practices used in foodborne disease outbreaks, including planning, detection, investigation, control and prevention.

Provides guidance to clinicians, state and local health departments, and other health agencies regarding case ascertainment, reporting, investigation, and follow-up of persons with acute viral hepatitis.

Provides guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting in the setting of no known person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV worldwide. Recommendations are derived from Public Health Guidance for Community-Level Preparedness and Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

Includes a chapter for each vaccine-preventable diseases, describing the importance of rapid case identification; the importance of surveillance; disease reduction goals; case definitions (including clinical description and case classifications); epidemiologically important data to be collected during case investigation; activities for enhancing surveillance; activities for case investigation; and activities for outbreak control.

Directed to state and local health departments, healthcare facilities, and healthcare personnel. Addresses both the rationale and the strategies for SARS preparedness and response and provides a foundation for the development of more detailed operational plans and procedures for responding to SARS at the local level. Suggested activities include those needed to prepare for an introduction of SARS-CoV, to quickly detect possible SARS cases and clusters, and to prevent and contain SARS-CoV transmission.

Includes overview of syphilis surveillance and recommendations for case reporting, prevalence monitoring, congenital syphilis, active surveillance and outbreak detection, behavioral and social surveillance, and data quality, analysis and dissemination. Aims to make collection and reporting of syphilis surveillance data more uniform so that data from a variety sources are comparable.

Modifies the clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory, and case-exclusion criteria in the U.S. surveillance case definition used during the 2003 SARS epidemic.

Provides uniform criteria used for the surveillance case definition and classification for these previously recognized adverse reactions used during the Department of Health and Human Services Smallpox Preparedness and Response Program.

Practical advice on how to develop information systems for the collection of systematic data on injuries (particularly in resource-poor settings). Describes how to set up systems for collecting, coding, and processing data even if there is no electronic equipment, few staff, and/or inexperienced staff.

Steps needed to establish and maintain an injury surveillance system; provides information on designing and monitoring prevention activities; and offers guidance for making informed decisions about injury prevention. Designed primarily for professionals who develop or operate surveillance systems and conduct prevention activities in less-resourced countries.

Used as a reference by state health departments for defining cases, entering data, and checking data once it is entered. Contains information about individual variables and the way the data are structured. Manual is intended to be used in conjunction with the materials provided at the coding training and the NVDRS Software Manual. It should be kept at hand when doing data entry or checking, both in the office and in the field.

Summarizes potential collaborative action steps for CDC and its partners to improve E-coding in state morbidity data systems, with implications for improving federal morbidity data systems.

Consists of a series of chapters covering the fundamental aspects of developing, planning, implementing, and conducting surveillance for birth defects and using the resulting data. Although the focus is on birth defects, most of the principles described are relevant and applicable to surveillance for any health outcome.

Introduces the birth defects surveillance conceptual logic model and the overarching performance indicators used to evaluate the programs (section 1). Presents a basic guide to logic models as iterative tools for program planning and evaluation, and is a launching point to help grantees develop a logic model that communicates the relationship between program inputs, activities, outputs, and intended outcomes (section 2).

Provides standardized protocol for ensuring comparability of data when data are collected in multiple sites and aggregation of data for PRAMS. Includes 12 chapters on data collection, management, analysis, dissemination; human subjects issues; and program evaluation.

Describes the methodology of PRAMS, examines recent response rates, determines characteristics associated with response, and tracks response patterns over time.

Helps new lead epidemiologists quickly learn how to use geographic information systems (GIS) mapping technology to assess and direct childhood lead poisoning elimination efforts. Examples are provided of how GIS mapping technology can use blood lead screening, tax assessor (property), and U.S. census data to develop and improve preventive interventions, especially primary prevention (before children are poisoned).

Supplements previous guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Improves decision-making regarding the implementation of surveillance for outbreak detection. Enhances the exchange of information regarding methods to improve early detection of outbreak by using standardized evaluation methodology, including description of system design and operation.

Describes the evaluation of epidemiologic surveillance systems. Its purpose is to promote the best use of public health resources through the development of effective and efficient surveillance systems. It can serve as a guide for persons conducting their first evaluation and as a reference for those who are already familiar with the evaluation process.

Provides updated guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems based on CDC’s Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health.

List of bioterrorism case definitions available on CDC’s Emergency Preparedness and Response website.

Presents case definitions to facilitate uniform reporting of illness resulting from a chemical (i.e., toxin and toxicant) release.

The 1990 report, for the first time, provided uniform criteria for reporting cases. The 1990 report, containing the original case definitions, is available for download as a .pdf file. Download RR3913 now (size approximately 310,000 bytes). 

Need-based, flexible framework to assist the states in meeting Healthy People 2010 objectives and to provide a foundation for developing environmental public health surveillance.

Need-based, flexible framework to assist the states in meeting Healthy People 2010 objectives and to provide a foundation for developing environmental public health surveillance.

Latest revisions to the set of 92 chronic disease indicators; includes 63 indicators that were unchanged from the first edition, six that have been revised, and 23 that are new.

Introduction to occupational health indicators and CSTE’s approach to developing this new occupational health surveillance tool, which helps collect and generate important, basic information concerning the occupational health status of the state population and identify areas in which to focus prevention efforts.

This 2011 update is being published by the United States Government in recognition of its responsibility to promulgate this classification throughout the United States for morbidity coding. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10^th Revision (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), is the foundation of ICD-10-CM. ICD-10 continues to be the classification used in cause-of-death coding in the United States.