Meeting the Healthy People 2020 Objectives to Reduce Cancer Mortality

Hannah K. Weir

doi:10.5888/pcd12.140482

Meeting the Healthy People 2020 Objectives to Reduce Cancer Mortality

ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 12 — July 2, 2015

PEER REVIEWED

Figure 1. Trends in deaths from all cancers combined attributed to population risk (including diagnostic and treatment practices), growth, and aging (1975–2009), by sex and race (white, black).

Year of Diagnosis	1975 Cancer Deaths	Population Aging	Population Growth	Population Risk
1975 Cancer Deaths in White Males
1975	175,299	175,299	175,299	175,299
1976	175,299	180,269	178,746	177,352
1977	175,299	184,261	180,914	178,052
1978	175,299	189,013	183,867	179,411
1979	175,299	193,447	186,412	180,253
1980	175,299	198,189	188,928	181,293
1981	175,299	199,373	188,719	179,733
1982	175,299	204,473	191,831	181,387
1983	175,299	208,060	193,615	181,751
1984	175,299	211,373	195,255	182,056
1985	175,299	215,088	197,098	182,502
1986	175,299	218,383	198,756	182,669
1987	175,299	221,766	200,276	182,777
1988	175,299	224,520	201,280	182,393
1989	175,299	228,317	202,921	182,517
1990	175,299	232,617	205,291	182,901
1991	175,299	236,430	206,933	182,283
1992	175,299	238,504	206,996	180,176
1993	175,299	241,940	208,120	179,168
1994	175,299	243,012	207,603	176,887
1995	175,299	244,026	206,278	173,972
1996	175,299	243,970	204,708	170,958
1997	175,299	243,212	202,090	167,047
1998	175,299	244,124	200,983	164,462
1999	175,299	247,392	201,753	163,476
2000	175,299	247,396	200,120	160,668
2001	175,299	248,142	199,105	158,397
2002	175,299	249,864	198,171	156,349
2003	175,299	249,045	191,520	152,627
2004	175,299	247,446	191,700	148,868
2005	175,299	250,475	191,520	147,529
2006	175,299	250,318	189,252	144,548
2007	175,299	252,047	184,752	141,943
2008	175,299	254,119	186,712	140,184
2009	175,299	255,040	184,752	137,686
1975 Cancer Deaths in White Females
1975	148,711	148,711	148,711	148,711
1976	148,711	153,688	152,569	151,377
1977	148,711	157,052	153,985	151,478
1978	148,711	161,273	156,378	152,431
1979	148,711	163,890	157,147	151,760
1980	148,711	169,970	160,982	154,197
1981	148,711	173,307	162,654	154,670
1982	148,711	178,167	165,506	156,285
1983	148,711	181,950	167,359	156,996
1984	148,711	187,266	170,715	159,171
1985	148,711	190,649	172,523	159,860
1986	148,711	193,967	174,107	160,301
1987	148,711	196,727	175,124	160,250
1988	148,711	200,633	177,296	161,242
1989	148,711	205,867	180,475	163,099
1990	148,711	208,986	181,889	163,026
1991	148,711	213,108	184,329	163,562
1992	148,711	216,036	185,438	162,893
1993	148,711	219,997	187,521	163,116
1994	148,711	222,817	189,061	162,963
1995	148,711	224,905	189,505	161,927
1996	148,711	225,471	189,125	160,231
1997	148,711	225,336	187,794	157,703
1998	148,711	226,051	187,187	155,854
1999	148,711	229,839	189,280	156,312
2000	148,711	232,608	190,664	156,269
2001	148,711	231,505	188,998	153,759
2002	148,711	232,613	188,708	152,445
2003	148,711	232,500	187,329	150,307
2004	148,711	230,682	184,914	147,380
2005	148,711	231,652	184,070	145,722
2006	148,711	232,251	183,502	144,253
2007	148,711	231,888	181,551	141,649
2008	148,711	231,767	179,705	139,241
2009	148,711	231,947	178,483	137,427
1975 Cancer Deaths in Black Males
1975	21,884	21,884	21,884	21,884
1976	21,884	22,748	22,673	22,358
1977	21,884	23,616	23,448	22,829
1978	21,884	24,249	23,987	23,055
1979	21,884	24,827	24,490	23,196
1980	21,884	25,855	25,750	23,725
1981	21,884	26,470	26,405	24,004
1982	21,884	27,217	27,127	24,330
1983	21,884	27,927	27,803	24,613
1984	21,884	28,848	28,739	25,128
1985	21,884	29,022	28,964	25,005
1986	21,884	29,360	29,343	24,994
1987	21,884	29,921	29,927	25,157
1988	21,884	30,319	30,379	25,196
1989	21,884	31,450	31,582	25,825
1990	21,884	31,993	32,261	25,937
1991	21,884	32,089	32,386	25,498
1992	21,884	32,156	32,538	25,035
1993	21,884	33,069	33,423	25,188
1994	21,884	32,858	33,205	24,548
1995	21,884	32,878	33,101	24,037
1996	21,884	32,973	33,066	23,608
1997	21,884	32,717	32,607	22,876
1998	21,884	32,521	32,164	22,181
1999	21,884	32,849	32,286	21,892
2000	21,884	32,815	31,906	21,292
2001	21,884	32,676	31,603	20,808
2002	21,884	32,625	31,272	20,341
2003	21,884	32,442	30,575	19,682
2004	21,884	32,441	30,299	19,252
2005	21,884	32,724	30,094	18,881
2006	21,884	32,555	29,541	18,284
2007	21,884	33,067	29,564	18,041
2008	21,884	33,018	29,031	17,477
2009	21,884	33,441	28,968	17,218
1975 Cancer Deaths in Black Females
1975	15,747	15,747	15,747	15,747
1976	15,747	16,408	16,285	16,034
1977	15,747	17,197	16,897	16,385
1978	15,747	17,559	17,075	16,307
1979	15,747	18,147	17,499	16,440
1980	15,747	19,173	18,504	16,940
1981	15,747	19,346	18,552	16,756
1982	15,747	20,086	19,118	17,030
1983	15,747	20,803	19,648	17,277
1984	15,747	21,407	20,095	17,455
1985	15,747	21,874	20,381	17,484
1986	15,747	22,610	20,955	17,750
1987	15,747	23,093	21,286	17,797
1988	15,747	23,644	21,634	17,845
1989	15,747	24,114	21,985	17,885
1990	15,747	25,082	22,824	18,271
1991	15,747	25,826	23,356	18,316
1992	15,747	26,245	23,783	18,269
1993	15,747	26,796	24,154	18,189
1994	15,747	27,077	24,326	17,979
1995	15,747	27,723	24,806	18,021
1996	15,747	27,793	24,695	17,649
1997	15,747	28,616	25,223	17,729
1998	15,747	28,672	25,124	17,377
1999	15,747	29,101	25,319	17,243
2000	15,747	29,127	25,049	16,819
2001	15,747	29,490	25,198	16,720
2002	15,747	29,989	25,330	16,622
2003	15,747	30,218	25,163	16,344
2004	15,747	30,056	24,846	15,966
2005	15,747	30,437	24,716	15,708
2006	15,747	30,526	24,530	15,411
2007	15,747	30,978	24,641	15,288
2008	15,747	30,934	24,309	14,862
2009	15,747	31,204	24,195	14,624

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Figure 2. Trends in observed and predicted age-adjusted death rates for all sites combined and for the 7 site-specific cancers included in the Healthy People 2020 cancer mortality objectives by sex and race, 1975–2020.

Year	White Male	White Female	Black Male	Black Female
All Cancer Sites Combined
1975	254.00	158.99	320.45	174.18
1976	257.50	161.69	328.45	179.10
1977	258.78	161.61	337.95	181.60
1978	261.64	162.54	340.91	181.53
1979	263.24	161.69	344.67	182.73
1980	265.02	164.17	353.91	189.24
1981	263.26	164.55	358.65	187.47
1982	266.28	166.11	364.86	190.17
1983	267.22	166.69	369.32	193.24
1984	267.55	169.02	377.93	195.67
1985	268.24	169.58	377.82	196.31
1986	268.83	170.01	378.92	199.05
1987	268.96	169.87	383.24	199.91
1988	269.46	170.94	384.17	200.36
1989	270.25	172.88	395.28	200.87
1990	271.48	172.89	399.14	205.38
1991	271.19	173.41	395.85	207.39
1992	268.91	172.58	389.20	205.80
1993	267.89	172.82	394.76	206.29
1994	264.73	172.62	385.20	204.06
1995	261.46	171.73	379.02	204.53
1996	256.83	169.85	373.70	200.94
1997	251.58	167.35	363.18	202.53
1998	247.62	165.38	353.13	198.38
1999	247.14	165.92	349.23	197.54
2000	243.31	165.94	341.48	193.26
2001	240.03	163.52	334.93	192.18
2002	237.25	162.14	327.14	191.51
2003	231.79	159.81	316.59	188.81
2004	226.30	156.68	309.94	183.64
2005	224.75	155.18	303.63	181.13
2006	219.98	153.59	293.91	177.57
2007	216.61	150.84	291.00	175.78
2008	213.29	148.23	280.09	170.95
2009	209.78	146.46	274.73	168.17
2010	206.52	144.69	268.96	166.51
2011	203.12	142.66	262.53	163.83
2012	199.72	140.63	256.09	161.14
2013	197.16	138.94	251.54	158.88
2014	194.59	137.24	246.99	156.63
2015	192.02	135.54	242.45	154.37
2017	186.88	132.15	233.35	149.85
2018	185.20	130.87	230.68	148.28
2019	183.53	129.58	228.00	146.71
2020	181.85	128.30	225.33	145.15
Cervix Uteri
1975	—	4.75	—	13.35
1976	—	4.68	—	12.86
1977	—	4.22	—	12.19
1978	—	4.15	—	11.64
1979	—	3.95	—	10.61
1980	—	3.77	—	10.78
1981	—	3.74	—	9.89
1982	—	3.51	—	9.77
1983	—	3.43	—	9.76
1984	—	3.36	—	9.27
1985	—	3.27	—	8.98
1986	—	3.22	—	9.23
1987	—	3.13	—	8.22
1988	—	3.10	—	8.15
1989	—	3.05	—	8.60
1990	—	3.19	—	7.77
1991	—	3.01	—	7.65
1992	—	3.01	—	8.07
1993	—	2.95	—	7.69
1994	—	3.00	—	6.71
1995	—	2.82	—	6.98
1996	—	2.87	—	6.20
1997	—	2.76	—	6.47
1998	—	2.65	—	5.91
1999	—	2.57	—	5.41
2000	—	2.47	—	5.43
2001	—	2.43	—	4.83
2002	—	2.28	—	4.98
2003	—	2.23	—	4.66
2004	—	2.18	—	4.52
2005	—	2.21	—	4.38
2006	—	2.21	—	4.34
2007	—	2.20	—	4.33
2008	—	2.17	—	4.19
2009	—	2.07	—	4.19
2010	—	2.09	—	4.01
2011	—	2.06	—	3.91
2012	—	2.03	—	3.82
2013	—	2.01	—	3.77
2014	—	2.00	—	3.72
2015	—	1.98	—	3.67
2016	—	1.96	—	3.62
2017	—	1.95	—	3.57
2018	—	1.94	—	3.55
2019	—	1.94	—	3.54
2020	—	1.93	—	3.53
Colon and Rectum
1975	33.24	25.06	30.09	24.55
1976	33.76	25.45	31.16	26.26
1977	33.49	24.97	31.44	24.93
1978	34.12	25.17	31.20	25.66
1979	33.92	24.57	31.57	25.96
1980	33.99	24.32	33.18	25.89
1981	33.16	23.85	32.83	26.32
1982	33.11	23.42	33.71	26.12
1983	33.32	23.11	32.90	25.82
1984	33.12	23.49	34.65	26.22
1985	32.74	22.77	34.10	28.04
1986	32.01	22.07	35.36	26.35
1987	31.85	21.63	35.10	26.48
1988	31.04	21.16	34.29	25.88
1989	30.52	20.82	36.37	26.07
1990	30.43	20.18	37.64	26.59
1991	29.35	19.85	35.80	26.50
1992	28.99	19.42	36.23	25.43
1993	28.18	19.28	35.84	26.04
1994	27.89	18.84	35.66	24.88
1995	27.16	18.64	36.30	25.47
1996	26.29	17.98	34.52	24.86
1997	25.68	17.59	35.07	24.80
1998	25.13	17.48	33.90	24.78
1999	24.99	17.20	34.50	24.70
2000	24.45	17.01	35.01	23.89
2001	23.80	16.48	33.47	24.25
2002	23.34	16.06	33.86	22.95
2003	22.57	15.51	32.71	22.91
2004	21.23	14.72	30.87	21.41
2005	20.56	14.13	31.21	21.42
2006	20.02	14.12	31.65	20.29
2007	19.64	13.73	29.76	19.88
2008	18.98	13.36	29.28	18.97
2009	18.59	12.68	27.57	18.59
2010	18.00	12.53	28.48	18.33
2011	17.49	12.17	28.03	17.84
2012	16.99	11.82	27.57	17.36
2013	16.67	11.60	27.26	17.03
2014	16.36	11.37	26.95	16.70
2015	16.05	11.15	26.64	16.38
2016	15.74	10.93	26.32	16.05
2017	15.43	10.71	26.01	15.73
2018	15.31	10.60	25.89	15.57
2019	15.18	10.50	25.77	15.42
2020	15.06	10.40	25.65	15.27
Female Breast
1975	—	31.79	—	29.49
1976	—	32.17	—	30.47
1977	—	32.67	—	32.80
1978	—	31.90	—	32.14
1979	—	31.48	—	30.82
1980	—	31.93	—	31.68
1981	—	32.12	—	32.55
1982	—	32.31	—	33.75
1983	—	32.20	—	33.53
1984	—	32.90	—	35.94
1985	—	33.11	—	34.85
1986	—	32.93	—	35.44
1987	—	32.57	—	36.73
1988	—	33.09	—	37.78
1989	—	33.23	—	36.61
1990	—	33.02	—	38.00
1991	—	32.45	—	38.28
1992	—	31.43	—	37.09
1993	—	31.09	—	38.04
1994	—	30.56	—	37.74
1995	—	30.09	—	38.18
1996	—	29.05	—	37.13
1997	—	27.62	—	37.43
1998	—	27.01	—	35.53
1999	—	25.98	—	35.21
2000	—	26.17	—	34.38
2001	—	25.40	—	34.56
2002	—	24.97	—	34.20
2003	—	24.58	—	34.19
2004	—	23.85	—	32.42
2005	—	23.39	—	32.99
2006	—	22.92	—	31.80
2007	—	22.28	—	31.58
2008	—	21.85	—	31.22
2009	—	21.65	—	30.49
2010	—	21.01	—	30.22
2011	—	20.55	—	29.77
2012	—	20.08	—	29.31
2013	—	19.74	—	28.96
2014	—	19.40	—	28.60
2015	—	19.06	—	28.25
2016	—	18.72	—	27.89
2017	—	18.38	—	27.54
2018	—	18.16	—	27.30
2019	—	17.94	—	27.06
2020	—	17.73	—	26.82
Lung and Bronchus
1975	75.47	17.67	91.01	17.34
1976	77.55	19.10	93.96	18.51
1977	79.09	20.09	100.80	19.91
1978	80.76	21.58	101.65	20.66
1979	81.64	22.42	102.89	22.24
1980	83.27	24.22	106.67	24.58
1981	83.52	25.10	109.71	25.10
1982	85.18	26.72	112.55	26.30
1983	85.40	28.28	112.76	28.73
1984	86.24	29.27	117.98	27.98
1985	86.69	30.81	117.50	29.64
1986	87.03	31.76	119.18	31.00
1987	88.09	33.04	121.77	32.48
1988	87.86	34.57	122.15	33.54
1989	87.57	36.27	124.72	34.87
1990	88.40	37.31	125.17	36.48
1991	87.76	38.12	123.58	37.16
1992	85.98	39.21	121.06	38.55
1993	85.52	39.97	121.98	37.72
1994	83.78	40.30	118.63	38.61
1995	82.62	40.97	116.08	38.84
1996	81.15	41.22	113.18	39.08
1997	79.83	41.52	110.21	40.53
1998	78.47	41.69	107.40	40.67
1999	75.67	40.86	103.61	40.00
2000	75.41	42.08	100.96	39.66
2001	74.33	42.02	99.58	38.81
2002	72.88	42.59	96.04	40.22
2003	71.34	42.22	93.59	40.25
2004	69.81	41.89	91.25	39.95
2005	69.22	41.59	88.04	40.15
2006	67.23	41.24	85.09	39.09
2007	64.97	41.15	83.58	38.16
2008	63.75	40.23	79.64	36.93
2009	61.77	39.84	77.22	35.99
2010	60.81	39.44	74.87	36.52
2011	59.31	38.99	72.31	36.02
2012	57.81	38.54	69.75	35.52
2013	56.57	38.00	67.79	34.95
2014	55.34	37.46	65.83	34.38
2015	54.11	36.91	63.87	33.81
2016	52.88	36.37	61.92	33.24
2017	51.65	35.83	59.96	32.67
2018	50.75	35.28	58.62	32.16
2019	49.86	34.73	57.29	31.65
2020	48.96	34.18	55.95	31.13
Melanoma
1975	2.88	1.74	0.56	0.44
1976	3.10	1.94	0.74	0.39
1977	3.17	1.93	0.69	0.41
1978	3.32	1.90	0.61	0.46
1979	3.46	2.02	0.64	0.47
1980	3.41	1.90	0.55	0.56
1981	3.45	2.07	0.56	0.57
1982	3.64	1.99	0.56	0.49
1983	3.63	2.04	0.63	0.40
1984	3.79	2.03	0.45	0.54
1985	3.82	2.06	0.58	0.49
1986	3.92	2.09	0.70	0.31
1987	4.13	2.02	0.57	0.54
1988	4.07	2.13	0.53	0.40
1989	4.15	2.10	0.57	0.53
1990	4.21	2.20	0.65	0.45
1991	4.31	2.02	0.65	0.54
1992	4.27	2.06	0.57	0.44
1993	4.31	2.06	0.42	0.59
1994	4.26	2.03	0.44	0.43
1995	4.35	2.02	0.51	0.42
1996	4.50	2.14	0.51	0.38
1997	4.41	2.05	0.49	0.58
1998	4.59	1.98	0.45	0.54
1999	4.27	1.98	0.52	0.33
2000	4.28	2.03	0.60	0.50
2001	4.38	1.99	0.35	0.45
2002	4.25	1.96	0.50	0.32
2003	4.39	1.97	0.44	0.45
2004	4.48	1.94	0.57	0.39
2005	4.54	2.06	0.49	0.41
2006	4.63	1.97	0.63	0.35
2007	4.53	1.92	0.54	0.45
2008	4.61	1.89	0.46	0.35
2009	4.77	2.05	0.55	0.36
2010	4.58	1.94	0.51	0.37
2011	4.57	1.92	0.51	0.37
2012	4.56	1.91	0.50	0.36
2013	4.53	1.89	0.50	0.36
2014	4.50	1.88	0.50	0.35
2015	4.47	1.86	0.49	0.35
2016	4.44	1.85	0.49	0.35
2017	4.41	1.83	0.49	0.34
2018	4.37	1.81	0.48	0.34
2019	4.32	1.79	0.48	0.34
2020	4.27	1.78	0.48	0.34
Oral Cavity and Pharynx
1975	6.64	2.29	9.93	2.52
1976	6.55	2.17	10.55	2.62
1977	6.67	2.25	10.87	2.65
1978	6.41	2.21	10.69	2.68
1979	6.25	2.32	11.47	2.97
1980	6.12	2.22	12.48	2.76
1981	5.96	2.17	11.36	2.84
1982	5.96	2.13	11.46	2.94
1983	5.73	2.10	11.83	2.76
1984	5.64	2.12	11.70	2.38
1985	5.44	2.05	11.03	2.62
1986	5.27	2.07	11.35	2.93
1987	5.01	2.00	9.95	2.54
1988	5.14	1.98	10.67	2.55
1989	4.84	2.00	10.44	2.59
1990	5.07	1.96	11.05	2.52
1991	4.87	1.95	10.06	2.70
1992	4.66	1.89	9.97	2.31
1993	4.68	1.83	10.09	2.44
1994	4.41	1.77	9.26	2.39
1995	4.42	1.75	9.28	2.54
1996	4.24	1.71	8.69	2.07
1997	4.17	1.70	8.10	2.19
1998	4.20	1.68	7.91	2.09
1999	3.80	1.54	7.49	2.12
2000	3.72	1.55	7.31	1.76
2001	3.87	1.52	6.69	1.81
2002	3.87	1.50	6.33	1.73
2003	3.80	1.45	6.95	1.65
2004	3.72	1.46	6.95	1.63
2005	3.60	1.43	6.54	1.38
2006	3.61	1.37	5.70	1.50
2007	3.71	1.39	5.76	1.60
2008	3.62	1.37	5.21	1.47
2009	3.54	1.31	5.15	1.23
2010	3.51	1.32	5.04	1.29
2011	3.47	1.28	4.84	1.24
2012	3.44	1.27	4.64	1.19
2013	3.42	1.25	4.50	1.15
2014	3.40	1.24	4.36	1.11
2015	3.38	1.23	4.23	1.07
2016	3.36	1.21	4.09	1.03
2017	3.35	1.21	3.95	1.00
2018	3.34	1.20	3.87	0.97
2019	3.33	1.19	3.80	0.94
2020	3.33	1.28	3.72	0.91
Prostate
1975	29.06	—	55.52	—
1976	29.93	—	55.60	—
1977	29.90	—	56.44	—
1978	30.62	—	58.49	—
1979	30.77	—	59.24	—
1980	30.77	—	61.99	—
1981	30.76	—	63.61	—
1982	31.09	—	62.36
1983	31.57	—	64.55	—
1984	31.58	—	65.93	—
1985	31.28	—	67.26	—
1986	32.46	—	67.39	—
1987	32.57	—	68.88	—
1988	33.38	—	69.57	—
1989	34.54	—	71.71	—
1990	35.67	—	77.98	—
1991	36.50	—	78.24	—
1992	36.29	—	79.84	—
1993	36.26	—	81.86	—
1994	35.64	—	79.96	—
1995	34.41	—	78.20	—
1996	33.00	—	78.84	—
1997	31.35	—	74.30	—
1998	29.89	—	72.77	—
1999	28.91	—	70.13	—
2000	27.75	—	68.93	—
2001	26.87	—	67.86	—
2002	26.20	—	65.04	—
2003	24.85	—	60.48	—
2004	23.86	—	59.20	—
2005	23.15	—	57.29	—
2006	22.17	—	54.01	—
2007	22.05	—	55.27	—
2008	21.17	—	49.49	—
2009	20.22	—	50.00	—
2010	19.86	—	47.69	—
2011	19.24	—	45.89	—
2012	18.62	—	44.09	—
2013	18.27	—	43.02	—
2014	17.92	—	41.95	—
2015	17.57	—	40.88	—
2016	17.22	—	39.81	—
2017	16.86	—	38.74	—
2018	16.74	—	38.35	—
2019	16.61	—	37.95	—
2020	16.49	—	37.55	—

Abbreviation: —, not applicable.

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Page last reviewed: July 2, 2015
Page last updated: July 2, 2015
Content source:
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