PESTICIDE ILLNESS & INJURY SURVEILLANCE

(MMWR) is a CDC weekly scientific publication containing data and reports on specific health and safety topics. The following pesticide-related articles are available.

• Acute occupational pesticide-related illness and injury —United States, 2007-2011 (10/14/16)
• Acute non-occupational pesticide-related illness and injury —United States, 2007-2011. (10/14/2016)
• Notes from the Field: Acute Sulfuryl Fluoride Poisoning in a Family --- Florida, August 2015 (7/15/2016)
• Acute Occupational Pesticide-Related Illness and Injury — United States, 2007–2010 (10/23/2015)
• Worker Illness Related to Newly Marketed Pesticides — Douglas County, Washington, 2014 (1/23/2015)
• Notes from the Field: Acute Illness Associated with Use of Pest Strips — Seven U.S. States and Canada, 2000-2013 (1/17/2014)
• Notes from the Field: Acute Pesticide-Related Illness Resulting from Occupational Exposure to Acrolein — Washing and California, 1993-2009 (4/26/2013)
• Occupational Phosphine Gas Poisoning at Veterinary Hospitals from Dogs that Ingested Zinc Phosphide — Michigan, Iowa, and Washington, 2006-2011 (4/27/2012)
• Acute Injury and Illness Associated with Swimming Pool Disinfectants and Other Chemicals — United States, 2002-2008 (10/7/2011)
• Acute Illnesses Associated With Insecticides Used to Control Bed Bugs — Seven States, 2003-2010 (9/23/2011)
• Illness Associated with Exposure to Methyl Bromide-Fumigated Produce — California, 2010 (7/22/2011)
• Acute Antimicrobial Pesticide-Related Illnesses Among Workers in Health-Care Facilities — California, Louisiana, Michigan, and Texas, 2002-2007 (5/14/2010)
• Illnesses and Injuries Related to Total Release Foggers — Eight States, 2001-2006 (10/17/2008)
• Acute Pesticide Poisoning Associated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide — Iowa, 2007 (1/4/2008)
• Worker Illness Related to Ground Application of Pestidie — Kern County, California, 2005 (5/5/2006)
• Unintentional Topical Lindane Ingestions — United States, 1998-2003 (6/3/2005)
• Update: Hydrogen Cyanamide-Related Illnesses — Italy, 2002-2004 (4/29/2005)
• Illness Associated with Drift of Chloropicrin Soil Fumigant into a Residential Area — Kern County, California, 2003 (8/20/2004)
• Surveillance for Acute Insecticide-Related Illness Associated with Mosquito-Control Efforts — Nine States, 1999-2002 (7/11/2003)
• Pesticide-Related Illnesses Associated with the Use of a Plant Growth Regulator — Italy, 2001 (10/5/2001)
• Nosocomial Poisoning Associated With Emergency Department Treatment of Organophosphate Toxicity — Georgia, 2000 (1/5/2001)
• Occupational Fatalities Associated With 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) Exposure, 1980-1998 (6/16/2000)
• Illnesses Associated With Use of Automatic Insecticide Dispenser Units — Selected States and United States, 1986-1999 (6/9/2000)
• Surveillance for Acute Pesticide-Related Illness During the Medfly Eradication Program — Florida, 1998 (11/12/1999)
• Illnesses Associated with Occupational Use of Flea-Control Products — California, Texas, and Washington, 1989-1997 (6/4/1999)
• Aldicarb as a Cause of Food Poisoning — Louisiana, 1998 (4/9/1999)
• Farm Worker Illness Following Exposure to Carbofuran and Other Pesticides — Fresno County, California, 1998 (2/19/1999)

NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results for Pesticides
NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable bibliographic database of occupational safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH.

Alarcon WA, Calvert GM, Blondell JM, Mehler LN, Sievert J, Propeck M, Tibbetts DS, Becker A, Lackovic M, Soileau SB, Das R, Beckman J, Male DP, Thomsen CL, Stanbury M. Acute illnesses associated with pesticide exposures at schools. JAMA 2005; 294: 455-565.

Badakhsh R, Lackovic M, Ratard R. Characteristics of pesticide-related hospitalizations, Louisiana, 1998-2007. Public Health Rep 2010; 125: 457-467.

Brevard TA, Calvert GM, Blondell JM, Mehler LN. Acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youth, 1993-1998. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111:1654-1659.

Calvert GM, Higgins SA. Using surveillance data to promote occupational health and safety policies and practice at the state level: a case study. Am J Ind Med 2010; 188-193.

Calvert GM, Karnik J, Mehler L, Beckman J, Morrissey B, Sievert J, Barrett R, Lackovic M, Mabee L, Schwartz A, Mitchell Y, Moraga-McHaley S. Acute pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in the United States, 1998-2005. Am J Ind Med 2008; 883-898.

Calvert GM, Alarcon WA, Chelminski A, Crowley MS, Barrett R, Correa A, Higgins S, Leon HL, Correia J, Becker A, Allen RH, Evans E. Case report: Three farmworkers who gave birth to infants with birth defects closely grouped in time and place - Florida and North Carolina, 2004-2005. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:787-791.

Calvert GM, Petersen AM, Sievert J, Ball C, Mehler LN, Das R, Harter LC, Romoli C, Becker A, Ball C, Male D, Schwartz A, Lackovic M. Acute pesticide poisoning in the US retail industry, 1998-2004. Public Health Rep 2007; 122:232-244.

Calvert GM, Barnett M, Mehler LN, Becker A, Das R, Beckman J, Male D, Sievert J, Thomsen C, Morrissey B. Acute pesticide-related illness among emergency responders, 1993-2002. Am J Ind Med 2006; 49:383-393.

Calvert GM, Plate DK, Das R, Rosales R, Shafey O, Thomsen C, Male D, Beckman J, Arvizu E, Lackovic M. Acute occupational pesticide-related illness in the US, 1998-1999: surveillance findings from the SENSOR-pesticides program. Am J Ind Med 2004; 45:14-23.

Calvert GM, Mehler LN, Rosales R, Baum L, Thomsen C, Male D, Shafey O, Das R, Lackovic M, Arvizu E. Acute pesticide-related illnesses among working youths, 1988-1999. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:605-610.

Das R, Steege A, Baron S, Beckman J, Harrison R. Pesticide-related illness among migrant farm workers in the United States. Int J Occup Environ Health 2001; 7:303-312.

D'Haenens JP, McDonald KW, Langley RL, Higgins SA, Scott R, Farquhar PN, Meggs WJ. Aldicarb: A case series of watermelon-borne carbamate toxicity. J Agromedicine 2013; 18:174-177.

Forrester MB, Diebolt-Brown B. Total release fogger exposures reported to Texas poison centers, 2000-2009. Toxicol Environ Chem 2011; 93:1089-1097.

Forrester MB, Sievert JS, Stanley SK. Epidemiology of lindane exposures for pediculosis reported to poison centers in Texas, 1998-2002. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42:55-60.

Fortenberry GZ, Beckman J, Schwartz A, Bonnar-Prado J, Graham LS, Higgins S, Lackovic M, Mulay P, Bojes H, Waltz J, Mitchell Y, Leinenkugel K, Oriel MS, Evans E, Calvert GM. Magnitude and characteristics of acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US: 1998 - 2013. Environ Res 2016: 146:191-199.

Hudson N, Kasner EJ, Beckman J, Mehler L, Schwartz A, Higgins S, Bonnar-Prado S, Lackovic M, Mulay P, Mitchell Y, Larios L, Walker R, Waltz J, Moraga-McHaley S, Roisman R, Calvert GM.  Characteristics and magnitude of acute pesticide-related illnesses associated with pyrethrins and pyrethroids — 11 states, 2000–2008.  Am J Ind Med. 2014;57:15-30.

Kasner EJ, Keralis JM, Mehler L, Beckman J, Bonnar-Prado J, Lee SJ, Diebolt-Brown B, Mulay P, Lackovic M, Waltz J, Schwartz A, Mitchell Y, Moraga-McHaley S, Roisman R, Gergely R, Calvert GM. Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:571-583.

Lee SJ, Mehler L, Beckman J, Diebolt-Brown B, Prado JB, Lackovic M, Waltz J, Mulay P, Schwartz A, Mitchell Y, Moraga-McHaley S, Gergely R, Calvert GM. Acute pesticide illnesses associated with off-target pesticide drift from agricultural applications: 11 States, 1998–2006. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119;1162-1169.

Lee SJ, Mulay P, Diebolt-Brown B, Lackovic M, Mehler L, Beckman J, Waltz J, Prado JB, Mitchell Y, Higgins SA, Schwartz A, Calvert GM. Acute illnesses associated with exposure to fipronil — surveillance data from 11 States in the United States, 2001–2007. Clin Toxicol 2010; 48:737-44.

O'Malley M, Fong H, Sanchez ME, Roisman R, Nonato Y, Mehler L. Inhalation of phosphine gas following a fire associated with fumigation of processed pistachio nuts. J Agromedicine 2013; 18:151-173.

Mulay PR, Cavicchia P, Watkins S, Tovar-Aguilar A, Wiese M, Calvert GM. Acute illness associated with exposure to a new soil fumigant containing dimethyl disulfide - Hillsborough County, Florida, 2014.  J Agromedicine 2016; 21(4); 373-379.

Patrice M. Sutton, MPH, Ximena Vergara, MPH, John Beckman, BS, Mark Nicas, PhD, CIH, and Rupali Das, MD, MPH. Pesticide Illness Among Flight Attendants Due to Aircraft Disinsection, Am J Ind Med 2007;50:345–356.

Walters JK, Boswell LE, Green MK, Heumann MA, Karam LE, Morrissey BF, Waltz JE. Pyrethrin and pyrethroid illnesses in the Pacific Northwest: a five year review. Public Health Rep 2009;124:149-159.

Weinberg JL, Bunn LJ, Das R. Application of the industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls to prioritize and promote safer methods of pest control: a case study. Public Health Rep 2009; 124 (suppl 1): 53-62.
 

• How-to Guide for Developing a State-based Surveillance Program
  DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2006-102 (2006)
  This manual provides information on how to develop and maintain surveillance programs for acute and subacute health effects from pesticide exposure.
• SENSOR-Pesticides National Database
  A database of information on acute occupational pesticide poisoning cases who were exposed between 1998-2011. Chart the data using our new Worker Health Charts charting tool.
• Fact Sheet: Reducing Pesticide Exposure at Schools
  DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-150 (2007)
  Exposures and potential health effects to children and school staff can be reduced by avoiding routine pesticide applications through an integrated pest management (IPM) program.
• A Story of Impact: NIOSH Pesticide Poisoning Monitoring Program Protects Farmworkers
  DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2012-108 (2012)
  This document describes the impact of collaboration between the SENSOR-Pesticides Program and colleagues in Florida and North Carolina to investigate three migrant farmworkers who gave birth to infants with birth defects within eight weeks of each other.
• EPA Pesticide Resources - An EPA compendium of electronic resources regarding pesticide health and safety organizations, pesticide databases, and pesticide-related publications.
• Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database - Includes peer-reviewed scientific information culled from many sources on pesticide products and active ingredients.
• National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) - An EPA-funded resource that provides information on pesticide toxicology, environmental chemistry, product-specific information as well as recognition and management of pesticide poisoning. NPTN's website provides ready access to EXTOXNET, the Agriculture Extension Service's library of information on pesticide toxicology, and to public consumer oriented EPA publications.
• EPA Pesticide Poisoning Handbook
• American Association of Poison Control Centers - Contains an updated list of local and regional poison control centers.
• National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticides Initiative
  This initiative identifies and implements strategies for educating health care providers on how to recognize, diagnose and manage pesticide-related health conditions. This link leads to the initiative's implementation plan.
• Integrated Pest Management in Schools

  Exposure to pesticides in the school environment is a health risk facing school employees and children. Several States have passed legislation addressing the use of pesticides in schools, including the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. A school IPM program uses common sense strategies to reduce sources of food, water and shelter for pests in school buildings and grounds. An IPM program takes advantage of all pest management strategies, including the judicious and careful use of pesticides when necessary. Links to resources on IPM in schools are provided below:

• Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Schools.
• California School Integrated Pest Management Program.
• Promoting Urban IPM in Washington State.
• The Schooling of State Pesticide Laws-2010 Update.