Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Cadmium chloride
RTECS #
EV0175000CAS #
10108-64-2Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
183.30Molecular Formula
CdCl2Synonyms
Anhydrous cadmium chlorideCaddy
Cadmium dichloride
Dichlorocadmium
Kadmiumchlorid (German)
VI-Cad
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | multiple/other fish | 630 µg/L/4W-continuous | BECTA6 36,199,1986 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 50 µmol/L/24H | TXCYAC 10,67,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 1 µmol/L | TKIZAM 82,232,1974 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/rat | 3500 nmol/L | DANKAS 224,1189,1975 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | subcutaneous/mouse | 3 mg/kg | ENMUDM 4,563,1982 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 420 µg/kg | MUREAV 206,285,1988 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 250 µg/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 85,288,1981 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/mouse | 15 mg/L/24H | JJATDK 20,231,2000 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | subcutaneous/hamster | 2 mg/kg | MUREAV 67,349,1979 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/human | 1 µmol/L/30H | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
| DNA Damage | Ascites tumor/human | 100 µmol/L/12H | FCTOD7 40,1069,2001 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 25 µmol/L/5H | MUREAV 529,109,2003 |
| DNA Damage | oral/mouse | 1 mg/kg | TCMUD8 21,325,2001 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 4 µmol/L/2H | MUREAV 498,47,2001 |
| DNA Damage | liver/mouse | 0.01 µmol/L/10M | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
| DNA Damage | kidney/mouse | 0.01 µmol/L/10M | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
| DNA Damage | inhalation/mouse | 4.8 mg/L/60M | MUTAEX 16,265,2001 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/chicken | 100 µmol/L | TECSDY 12,173,1986 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified) | 350 µmol/L | SCIEAS 198,513,1977 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 2 µmol/L | BIOJAU 25,229a,1979 |
| DNA Damage | lung/hamster | 20 µmol/L | MUREAV 111,69,1983 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 193,237,1988 |
| DNA Damage | /Other microorganisms | 350 µmol/L | SCIEAS 198,513,1977 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/mouse | 0.1 µmol/L/30M | TXAPA9 197,281,2004 |
| DNA Damage | multiple/other fish | 4 µmol/L/40H-continuous (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 44,56,2004 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 30 µmol/l/24H | MUREAV 654,13,2008 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 65 µmol/l/24H | MUREAV 654,13,2008 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 2 µmol/L/24H | TOLED5 179,43,2008 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 25 µmol/L | FCTOD7 47,592,2009 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 10 µmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 3.16 µmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | oral/mouse | 24 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| DNA Damage | multiple/non-mammalian species | 10 µg/L/11D-continuous | MUREAV 723,26,2011 |
| DNA Damage | multiple/non-mammalian species | 10 µg/L/3D-continuous | MUREAV 723,26,2011 |
| DNA Damage | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 50 µmol/L/24H- intermittent | MUREAV 726,222,2011 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/other fish | 50 µmol/L/24H | MUREAV 750,19,2013 |
| DNA Damage | subcutaneous/rat | 14 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | FCTOD7 50,3243,2012 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 1 µmol/L/12H | MUTAEX 28,515,2013 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 15 µmol/L | CRNGDP 13,2389,1992 |
| DNA inhibition | intraperitoneal/rat | 6 mg/kg/3D-continuous | TXAPA9 38,145,1976 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/rat | 10 nmol/L | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
| DNA inhibition | intraperitoneal/mouse | 4 mg/kg | TXCYAC 40,13,1986 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/mouse | 10 µmol/L | TXAPA9 84,379,1986 |
| DNA inhibition | lung/hamster | 10 µmol/L | MUREAV 137,103,1984 |
| DNA inhibition | kidney/mammal (species unspecified) | 2 µmol/L | TXCYAC 34,189,1985 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 40 µg/well | MUREAV 133,161,1984 |
| DNA repair | /Bacillus subtilis | 5 mmol/L | MUREAV 77,109,1980 |
| DNA repair | other cell types/human | 10 µmol/L/12H | MUTAEX 28,515,2013 |
| DNA repair | intraperitoneal/mouse | 0.25 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 109,71,2001 |
| DNA repair | testis/mouse | 1 ng/L/24H | CALEDQ 279,84,2009 |
| DNA repair | lymphocyte/mouse | 20 µmol/L/60M | TXAPA9 197,281,2004 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 2 mg/kg | MUREAV 30,365,1975 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/mouse | 15 mg/kg | AXVMAW 34,399,1980 |
| host-mediated assay | Salmonella typhimurium/mouse | 6 mg/kg | SOGEBZ 13,737,1977 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 µg/kg | MUREAV 306,85,1994 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 500 µg/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 625 µg/L | MUREAV 287,71,1993 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/human | 2 µmol/L/24H | MUREAV 490,99,2001 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/other fish | 1000 ppm | NULSAK 28,176,1985 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/human | 1 µmol/L/25H | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 4.5 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | JJATDK 22,271,2002 |
| micronucleus test | subcutaneous/rat | 0.5 mg/kg/1D- intermittent | JJATDK 22,271,2002 |
| micronucleus test | lung/human | 1 µmol/L/30H | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
| micronucleus test | liver/human | 1 µmol/L/24H | TXCYAC 198,315,2004 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L/72H | MUREAV 649,7,2008 |
| micronucleus test | liver/human | 5 µmol/L/3H | FCTOD7 47,592,2009 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 1 µmol/L/3H | MUREAV 724,7,2011 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/rat | 5.6 mg/kg/8W-continuous | MUREAV 743,67,2012 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 4 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 702,171,2010 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/mouse | 0.21 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 702,163,2010 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 0.26 mg/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 702,237,2010 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 0.25 mg/L/28H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUTAEX 25,33,2010 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/other fish | 2 µmol/L/24H | MUREAV 750,19,2013 |
| morphological transform | other cell types/mouse | 0.3 mg/L/10D | MUREAV 725,57,2011 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 0.2 mg/L/10D | MUREAV 702,100,2010 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 0.1 µmol/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 35,300,2000 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 2 µmol/L | CNREA8 39,193,1979 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 9 µmol/L | MUREAV 448,23,2000 |
| morphological transform | other cell types/rat | 300 nmol/L | MUREAV 198,115,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 140 µg/L | EMMUEG 12,85,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lung/hamster | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 111,69,1983 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 500 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 138,9,1984 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 500 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step) | SOGEBZ 13,737,1977 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | CPBTAL 33,1571,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | subcutaneous/mouse | 3 mg/kg | NEZAAQ 32,472,1977 |
| other mutation test systems | subcutaneous/rat | 12 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
| other mutation test systems | ovary/hamster | 500 µg/L | BECTA6 36,342,1986 |
| other mutation test systems | embryo/hamster | 1100 µg/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | embryo/hamster | 600 µg/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | fibroblast/human | 4 µmol/L/30H | EMMUEG 40,200,2002 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | intraperitoneal/mouse | 10 µmol/kg | BECTA6 29,412,1982 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 4 µmol/L | MUTAEX 1,21,1986 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 20 ppm | MUREAV 259,147,1991 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lymphocyte/human | 1 mg/L | MUREAV 287,57,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lung/human | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 469,35,2000 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | FCTOD7 30,521,1992 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/mouse | 840 µg/kg | MUREAV 206,285,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | other cell types/mouse | 10 mg/L/24H | JJATDK 20,231,2000 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/rat | 28 mg/kg/8W-continuous | MUREAV 743,67,2012 |
| specific locus test | fibroblast/other fish | 2 µmol/L/24H | MUREAV 750,19,2013 |
| sperm morphology | subcutaneous/hamster | 40 µmol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
| sperm morphology | subcutaneous/guinea pig | 40 µmol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
| sperm morphology | subcutaneous/rabbit | 40 µmol/kg | JRPFA4 1,294,1960 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/mouse | 1 mg/kg | JPETAB 187,641,1973 |
| sperm morphology | subcutaneous/mouse | 20250 µg/kg | BJEPA5 40,503,1959 |
| sperm morphology | unreported route/mouse | 1 mg/kg | GNKAA5 16,1397,1980 |
| sperm morphology | subcutaneous/rat | 1824 µg/kg | JOENAK 24,453,1962 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | inhalation/mouse | 4900 µg/m3/1H-continuous | TXAPA9 80,215,1985 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | intraperitoneal/rat | 10 mg/kg/5D-continuous | TXAPA9 38,145,1976 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | subcutaneous/rat | 12 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | TXAPA9 74,337,1984 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | embryo/hamster | 10 µmol/L | MUREAV 131,173,1984 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| implant/mouse | 20530 µg/kg (5-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TOLED5 76,195,1995 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | 50 µg/m3 (50D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | 200 µg/m3/24H (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Other effects on female Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 10,297,1978 |
| inhalation/rat | 600 µg/m3/24H (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 10,297,1978 |
| inhalation/rat | 130 µg/m3 (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | GTPZAB 31(8),25,1987 |
| intramuscular/rat | 4 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | IJEBA6 15,594,1977 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 2 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | CPBTAL 30,2141,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 4 mg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TJADAB 21,79,1980 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 1833 µg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | NTIS** CONF-771017 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 1 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JPETAB 187,641,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | SCYYDZ 19,290,1999 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2933 µg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Gastrointestinal system | TJADAB 7,237,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2933 µg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | TJADAB 7,237,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2 mg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2 mg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/hamster | 3666 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ARANDR 15,91,1985 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 1 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | BDERE* 76,19,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 2 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | BDERE* 76,19,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3.5 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | BDERE* 76,19,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 3.5 mg/kg (9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TERM1* -,325,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 4 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TERPM* -,392,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 4 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | REPTED 22,636,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 0.00005 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TOLED5 191,123,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 0.5 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TXAPA9 250,117,2011 |
| intratesticular/Dog | 7330 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 14,613,1976 |
| intratesticular/rabbit | 1520 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JOANAY 99,907,1965 |
| intratesticular/mammal (species unspecified) | 500 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,75,1976 |
| intravenous/hamster | 2 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | TJADAB 19,50A,1979 |
| intravenous/hamster | 2 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | TJADAB 25,101,1982 |
| intravenous/rabbit | 2 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | BMMBES 48,159,1992 |
| intravenous/mouse | 73 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 4,164,1984 |
| intravenous/rat | 2 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NYKZAU 70,84P,1974 |
| intravenous/rat | 4500 µg/kg (10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear | TJADAB 44,259,1991 |
| intravenous/rat | 2 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
| intravenous/rat | 2 mg/kg (14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | ARTODN 59,443,1987 |
| oral/mouse | 6197 µg/kg (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | AEHLAU 33,36,1978 |
| oral/mouse | 248 gm/kg (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) | JONUAI 109,1640,1979 |
| oral/mouse | 6 mg/kg (15-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | JEPTDQ 1(3),187,1978 |
| oral/mouse | 33 mg/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | CIZAAZ 61,335,1985 |
| oral/rat | 55 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NETEEC 19,213,1997 |
| oral/rat | 652 mg/kg (7-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | JJATDK 2,255,1982 |
| oral/rat | 326 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | GISAAA 54(4),86,1989 |
| oral/rat | 48 mg/kg (90D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NTIS** CONF-771017 |
| oral/rat | 14677 µg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXAPA9 23,222,1972 |
| oral/rat | 17 mg/kg (6W male/6W pre-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | EESADV 4,51,1980 |
| oral/rat | 210 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | AHRTAN 47,245,1996 |
| oral/rat | 280 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | NATUAS 239,231,1972 |
| oral/Dog | 52.5 mg/kg (21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOLED5 135,S52,2002 |
| oral/rat | 180 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
| oral/rat | 180 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
| oral/rat | 180 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | NETEEC 26,673,2004 |
| oral/rat | 81.6 mg/kg (17D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | ETOPFR 17,35,2004 |
| oral/rat | 110 mg/kg (9-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TOLED5 156,369,2005 |
| oral/mouse | 64 mg/kg (1-21D preg/10D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TOLED5 159,38,2005 |
| oral/mouse | 62 mg/kg (1D preg-10D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOLED5 159,38,2005 |
| oral/rabbit | 990 mg/kg (1-6D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | JRPFA4 70,323,1984 |
| oral/mouse | 62 mg/kg (1D preg-10D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | NRTXDN 28,790,2007 |
| oral/mouse | 112 mg/kg (2W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | TOXID9 -,325,2009 |
| oral/mouse | 172 mg/kg (2W pre-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOXID9 -,325,2009 |
| oral/mouse | 42 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | TXAPA9 242,136,2010 |
| oral/rat | 560 mg/kg (8W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCLPH* 23(Suppl 1),9,2009 |
| oral/rat | 84.71 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | TOLED5 188,186,2009 |
| parenteral/guinea pig | 2500 µg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | IJEBA6 3,50,1965 |
| subcutaneous/monkey | 12 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,339,1976 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 815 µg/kg (29D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TXAPA9 62,211,1982 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 1 mg/kg (20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOXID9 1,16,1981 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 4583 ng/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JRPFA4 14,348,1967 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 2500 µg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | CCPTAY 26,181,1982 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 5 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | CCPTAY 26,181,1982 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | 204 µg/kg (29D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | TXAPA9 62,211,1982 |
| subcutaneous/gerbil | 5600 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | JRMSAS 85,297,1965 |
| subcutaneous/squirrel | 7332 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | AEFTAA 7,257,1976 |
| subcutaneous/mammal (species unspecified) | 7332 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 12,200,1974 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 2.5 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 12.5 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 10 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 10 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 10 mg/kg (1D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 6000 µg/kg (8-10D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOLED5 164,207,2006 |
| subcutaneous/hamster | 5 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | BIREBV 29,249,1983 |
| subcutaneous/hamster | 8 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | BIREBV 19,886,1978 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 12 mg/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | REPTED 23,92,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 7 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Maternal- fetal exchange | TJADAB 35,74A,1987 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 4892 µg/kg (19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TXCYAC 18,103,1980 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 32 mg/kg (12-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system | TJADAB 23,75,1981 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 1250 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ABMGAJ 5,153,1960 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 4 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ZMAFA2 100,419,1986 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 3 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis | TJADAB 16,127,1977 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 5700 µg/kg (8-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) | EXPADD 36,75,1989 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 3666 µg/kg (13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TJADAB 10,243,1974 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 2500 µg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | INHEAO 11,127,1973 |
| unreported route/mammal (species unspecified) | 2400 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | IJEBA6 18,1398,1980 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration (other than lowest): 41 µg/m3/23H/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | toxic concentration (other than lowest): 82 µg/m3/23H/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20 µg/m3/23H/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | JJIND8 70,367,1983 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4500 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1700 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6163 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors | JCROD7 114,273,1988 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5499 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | JNCIAM 31,745,1963 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 4500 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | ARPAAQ 83,493,1967 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3666 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 24,84,1983 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 7332 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 24,84,1983 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 5499 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PSEBAA 115,653,1964 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 3666 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | CNREA8 43,4575,1983 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 7332 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | CNREA8 43,4575,1983 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 40770 ng/kg/2D- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | CNREA8 48,4656,1988 |
| subcutaneous/rat | toxic dose: 9 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | CNREA8 49,4282,1989 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Musculoskeletal: Tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Musculoskeletal: Tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 32.99 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 66 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 11 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 12 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 8 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 15 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 31 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 33 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 34 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 29 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (80 percent kill): 56 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (80 percent kill): 45 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (80 percent kill): 58 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Hamster, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (80 percent kill): 46 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 7,149,1993 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXAPA9 245,361,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 245,361,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 119.8 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 245,361,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 245,361,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 200 µmol/L/4M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXAPA9 245,191,2010 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 nmol/L/2.5M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on cyclic nucleotides | TXAPA9 245,83,2010 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 nmol/L/2.5M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXAPA9 245,83,2010 |
| In Vitro/jti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 244,254,2010 |
| In Vitro/jvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 50,198,2012 |
| In Vitro/jvx | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 50,198,2012 |
| In Vitro/jvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 50,198,2012 |
| In Vitro/jvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 50,198,2012 |
| In Vitro/jvx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | FCTOD7 50,198,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXCYAC 283,129,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXCYAC 283,129,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.45 mmol/L/2H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TIVIEQ 4,783,1990 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 7,537,1993 |
| In Vitro/Rat, intestinal | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, intestinal | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 15 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 20 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 6,509,1992 |
| In Vitro/Rat, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.057 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 18,79,2004 |
| inhalation/Dog | lethal concentration (90 percent kill): 420 mg/m3/30M | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JIHTAB 29,302,1947 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3 | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 pph/1H | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 211,36,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/24H | VHTODE 43,176,2001 | |
| intramuscular/frog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | CBPCEE 85,249,1986 |
| intramuscular/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | 85PDAD -,67,1978 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg | AEHLAU 11,201,1965 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9300 µg/kg | Blood: Hemorrhage | NEZAAQ 32,472,1977 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXAPA9 179,155,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1833 µg/kg | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 60,259,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Liver function tests impaired | JPETAB 310,18,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 1,108,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | NETEEC 27,575,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.9 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TXAPA9 197,268,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXAPA9 200,219,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2933 µg/kg | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TOLED5 148,199,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 177,20,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6.5 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | FCTOD7 47,2863,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.8 mg/kg | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Blood: Changes in spleen | TOLED5 169,95,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 47,769,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2.5 mg/kg | FCTOD7 47,769,2009 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 237,24,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TOLED5 191,123,2009 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.21 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOLED5 180S,S49,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 8.3 mg/kg | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6.5 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | ARTODN 78,321,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 66,116,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Blood: Hemorrhage Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | ARTODN 76,8,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 200,29,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | TXCYAC 217,240,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 217,240,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.25 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | JAPTO* 26,47,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | JAPTO* 26,47,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Cardiac: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | JAPTO* 26,47,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 179,37,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.8 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.83 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.18 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXAPA9 73,250,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1800 µg/kg | EVHPAZ 28,89,1979 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.5 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver: Liver function tests impaired Liver: Other changes | AJPHT* 1,21,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/squirrel | lowest published toxic dose: 0.32 mg/kg | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Catecholamine levels in CNS Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TOLED5 41,93,1988 |
| intratesticular/domestic animal | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
| intratesticular/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
| intratesticular/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 200 µg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
| intratesticular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 µg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ACEDAB 40,321,1962 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 433 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | LIFSAK 72,1303,2003 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 866 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | LIFSAK 72,1303,2003 |
| intratracheal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 476.6 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight | TOXID9 66,203,2002 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JKMSEH 18,655,2003 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TXCYAC 218,197,2006 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 241 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ESKGA2 33,360,1987 |
| intrauterine/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 257,153,2009 |
| intravenous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3500 µg/kg | TXAPA9 53,510,1980 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXAPA9 180,178,2002 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 175,83,2002 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 175,83,2002 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Cardiac: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOXID9 1,108,2001 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2750 µg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving trigeminal nerve Blood: Hemorrhage | TOXID9 1,108,2001 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2750 µg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving trigeminal nerve | TOXID9 1,108,2001 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2500 µg/kg | 85PDAD -,67,1978 | |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5463 µg/kg | TXAPA9 41,667,1977 | |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 55,456,1980 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 4.5 mg/kg | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 | |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOSCF2 65,151,2002 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/m3 | AECTCV 40,230,2001 | |
| oral/chicken | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 165 mg/kg | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 63 mg/kg | FOREAE 7,313,1942 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.8 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | FCTOD7 39,571,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.3 mg/kg | ETOPFR 5,43,1998 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | APTOA6 48,108,1981 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 191,272,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOLED5 164,144,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOLED5 164,144,2006 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 70 mg/kg | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | AFDOAQ 15,122,1951 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 88 mg/kg | USXXAM #6365129 | |
| oral/woman | lowest published lethal dose: 3 gm/kg | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea | BMJOAE 292,1559,1986 |
| parenteral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOXID9 44,281,2005 |
| skin/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 233 mg/kg | AEHLAU 11,201,1965 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg | EQSSDX 1,1,1975 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/gerbil | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | BIREBV 13,240,1975 |
| subcutaneous/gerbil | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 µg/kg | JRMSAS 85,297,1965 | |
| subcutaneous/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Oogenesis Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | MUREAV 67,349,1979 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3200 µg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | APTOA6 48,108,1981 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | TOSCF2 53,474,2000 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of exocrine pancreas Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TOSCF2 53,474,2000 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5499 µg/kg | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 42,121,1986 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.2 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | PSEBAA 122,1036,1966 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4.5825 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 151,79,2004 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 916.5 µg/kg | Liver: Tumors | TOXID9 44,141,2005 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 916.5 µg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | TOXID9 44,141,2005 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 197,272,2004 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXCYAC 225,150,2006 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 22,529,2006 |
| subcutaneous/pigeon | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 18 mg/kg | JOANAY 97,269,1963 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5490 µg/kg | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOSCF2 54,110,2000 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.45 mg/kg | Endocrine: Androgenic Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 15,699,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ENDKAC 74,6,1979 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15166 µg/kg | TXAPA9 41,667,1977 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg | Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | CBPAB5 41A,451,1972 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | APHHDU 76,245,1990 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ARPAAQ 71,52,1961 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | ENDKAC 74,6,1979 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.5 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 50,203,1990 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.66 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | JOENAK 92,123,1982 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22 mg/kg | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | NATUAS 177,1036,1956 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Impotence | BIREBV 16,609,1977 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.332 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | JRPFA4 21,221,1970 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | IJVSA* 32,210,1962 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | JTEHD6 19,393,1986 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 mg/kg | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHD6 19,393,1986 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.85 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ANREAK 149,135,1964 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Blood: Hemorrhage Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ARTODN 83,647,2009 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 158,108,2005 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 mg/kg | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | TXCYAC 239,204,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4.58 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOLED5 151,79,2004 |
| Tank with water/Crab | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/L/48H | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | EESADV 74,279,2011 |
| Tank with water/Other invertebrate | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 µg/L/1D | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | FCTOD7 49,3407,2011 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.6 mg/kg | Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell | NRTXDN 32,441,2011 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP | TOXID9 66,287,2002 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3.7 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 72,81,2003 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.23 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 µg/m3/5D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 129,189,2002 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 128 µg/kg/2W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | REPTED 17,561,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3/2W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 33 µg/m3/24H/20W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | GISAAA 52(5),85,1987 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 327 µg/m3/24H/66D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | BECTA6 17,585,1977 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 81 mg/m3/4H/15D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | INHTE5 3,419,1991 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/2D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5.11 mg/m3/7D- continuous | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 20.44 mg/m3/2D- continuous | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests | VHTODE 43,176,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | : 0.1 pph/5W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 211,36,2005 |
| inhalation/rat | : 0.1 pph/3W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema | TXCYAC 211,36,2005 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11.67 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 58.33 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | RCOCB8 14,689,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOLED5 86,39,1996 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5499 µg/kg/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TOXID9 66,116,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 251,35,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3666 µg/kg/28D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in spleen Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 177,83,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1833 µg/kg/28D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen | TOLED5 177,83,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | TOLED5 182,18,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 182,18,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JKMSEH 21,445,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60.3 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments | TOVEFN (3),26,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | MUREAV 743,67,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TIHEEC 23,393,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 56.5 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 197,275,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 110 gm/kg/40W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TXCYAC 203,145,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOLED5 144,151,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 235,185,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 242,23,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.6 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TXCYAC 241,84,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.36 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TXCYAC 241,84,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 74 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | VHTODE 41,65,1999 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | CHYCDW 32,318,1998 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TOLED5 12,27,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Endocrine: Other changes | TOLED5 12,131,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | APHHDU 78,221,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Endocrine: Aldosteronism Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.4 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.14 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria | TXCYAC 70,185,1991 |
| intravenous/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 195 mg/kg/65W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia | JTSCDR 24,344,1999 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 2250 µg/kg/3W- intermittent | Eye: Other eye effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | KOAOAE 93,1,1991 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 65 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Changes in teeth and supporting structures Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe | TOPADD 24,451,1996 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/m3/5D- continuous | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | TOVEFN -,24,2009 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/m3/15D- continuous | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TOVEFN -,24,2009 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 264 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | BCLPT* 101,29,2007 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 1375 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 3179 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | 41PDA9 -,160,1979 |
| oral/duck | lowest published toxic dose: 1803 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHD6 4,551,1978 |
| oral/duck | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/42D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | AECTCV 13,765,1984 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 1369 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 34,85,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1.83 mg/kg/61D- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 172,1,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 183.6 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 172,1,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13.6 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,630,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 27.2 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,630,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2235 µg/kg/85D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | JTSCDR 9,29,1984 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 185 mg/kg/22W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 55,193,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 275 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | AEHLAU 30,598,1975 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6825 mg/kg/65W- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NYKZAU 70,85P,1974 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 566 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Blood: Changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TOLED5 86,39,1996 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TXAPA9 223,257,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 236,29,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 236,29,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3220 mg/kg/23W- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 236,29,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 322 mg/kg/23W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXCYAC 238,200,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3220 mg/kg/23W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXCYAC 238,200,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2240 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 238,200,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5600 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TXCYAC 238,200,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 12.6 µg/kg/3W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 168 µg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1302 µg/kg/31W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1680 µg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 188,233,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2469.6 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na | CBCPAI 132,53,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4942 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | CBCPAI 132,53,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | JAPTO* 28,974,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | JAPTO* 28,974,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | ETOPFR 23,96,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 540 mg/kg/180D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ETOPFR 23,96,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 16 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Endocrine: Other changes | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | REPTED 26,282,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 50,3521,2012 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/25D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 50,3521,2012 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 175 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 50,3521,2012 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 5547 mg/kg/54W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXAPA9 31,4,1975 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1522 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Cardiac: Cardiac output Cardiac: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | ATSUDG 8,322,1985 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 686 mg/kg/40W- continuous | Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in platelet count | FCTOD7 34,611,1996 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 293 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | AECTCV 6,121,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40040 mg/kg/65W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | BCTKAG 14,205,1981 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42770 µg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | BECTA6 40,273,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7162 mg/kg/47W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TOLED5 15,95,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2808 mg/kg/83W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Na Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TXAPA9 54,223,1980 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 412 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 28,435,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1505 mg/kg/43W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | TXAPA9 116,155,1992 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 216 mg/kg/14W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Fe | JTEHD6 2,929,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 270 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | JTEHD6 15,521,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 27397 µg/kg/40W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | AEHLAU 24,215,1972 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HBPTO* 2,1367,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 512.4 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia | FCTOD7 39,729,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/182D- continuous | Blood: Other hemolysis with or without anemia | ETOPFR 8,79,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/8D- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | BECTA6 66,125,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | NRTXDN 23,207,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 364 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1092 mg/kg/78W- continuous | Blood: Other changes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 167 mg/kg/668D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | JTSCDR 26,337,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 180.04 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 179,37,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16.8 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 33.6 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TXCYAC 186,109,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Change in LH Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Amino acids (including renal excretion) | NRTXDN 23,207,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 360.08 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Meningeal changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | TXCYAC 178,161,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 152 mg/kg/19D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | CRTOEC 14,1428,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42.5 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Breast Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 148,73,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | ARTODN 77,344,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ARTODN 77,344,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine at other sites | TXAPA9 197,319,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 197,273,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 78,226,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg(Cd)/kg/24W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 78,194,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | TOXID9 66,203,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume decreased or anuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 66,203,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis | TOXID9 1,109,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/90D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 90 µg/kg/90D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TOXID9 72,271,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve | ETOPFR 13,181,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | ETOPFR 13,181,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 145,211,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 227.5 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/5W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 42,1203,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 61.9 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis Musculoskeletal: Other changes | TXCYAC 237,89,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | TOSCF2 92,423,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Endocrine: Differential effect of sex or castration on observed toxicity Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | TOSCF2 92,423,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 128.6 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Endocrine: Hyperparathyroidism Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | ARTODN 79,636,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91 mg/kg/91D- continuous | Vascular: Structural changes in vessels | TOLED5 176,157,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 182.5 mg/kg/1Y- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia | TOLED5 157,161,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 120 µg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | ABPLAF 50,543,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91.25 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes | ABPLAF 51,825,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | ABPLAF 51,831,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 345.8 mg/kg/91D- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 136.5 mg/kg/39W- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 182.5 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 91.25 mg/kg/0.5Y- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45.5 mg/kg/91D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXAPA9 207,195,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.7 gm/kg/5W- continuous | Endocrine: Androgenic Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 48,2759,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 786 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TIHEEC 24,161,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1920 mg/kg/120D- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Musculoskeletal: Osteomalacia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TIHEEC 24,161,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1125 mg/kg/9D- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIHEEC 24,677,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.84 gm/kg/6W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 50,222,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 256,128,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 677.25 mg/kg/35D- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli | FCTOD7 46,3522,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins | TOLED5 185,175,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 65.52 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | HETOEA 28,221,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 262.08 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | HETOEA 28,221,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 103.6 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 46,1786,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4.5 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOLED5 172,131,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCLPH* 23(Suppl 1),9,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | FCLPH* 23(Suppl 1),9,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84.71 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia | TOLED5 188,186,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 252 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOLED5 191,123,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.5 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TOLED5 191,123,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 112 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina | TOLED5 191,123,2009 |
| subcutaneous/domestic bird | lowest published toxic dose: 53 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | NEZAAQ 48,130,1993 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/7W- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | ENVRAL 24,192,1981 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 8154 µg/kg/5D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response | TOLED5 19,29,1983 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 157 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOSCF2 55,223,2000 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4.4 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JEPOEC 9,53,1989 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | AECTCV 29,174,1995 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6000 µg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin and Appendages: Other: Breast | TOLED5 164,207,2006 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 36660 µg/kg/4W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOLED5 173,181,2007 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 22,546,2006 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 12.5 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 22,546,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 28750 µg/kg/23W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | AEHLAU 12,360,1966 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 156 mg/kg/32W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight | TOLED5 6,225,1980 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 63600 µg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | ARTODN 61,105,1987 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7338 µg/kg/9W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Other changes | TOLED5 8,323,1981 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 127 mg/kg/28W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXAPA9 77,414,1985 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9780 µg/kg/8W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | EESADV 18,268,1989 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 73385 µg/kg/15W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathomimetic Behavioral: Aggression | TOLED5 7,457,1981 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52 mg/kg/16D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | PHTOEH 63,342,1988 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 63700 µg/kg/26D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXAPA9 98,39,1969 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | JTEHD6 22,255,1987 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Endocrine: Aldosteronism Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TXCYAC 55,117,1989 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXCYAC 55,117,1989 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 77 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTSCDR 18,111,1993 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Endocrine: Other changes | ENVRAL 42,400,1987 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 68 mg/kg/34W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Normocytic anemia | ARTODN 80,680,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 63 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXCYAC 234,44,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | : 54 mg(Cd)/kg/9W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | FCTOD7 44,2092,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | : 36 mg(Cd)/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 44,2092,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | : 18 mg(Cd)/kg/3W- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 44,2092,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/9W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed | TXAPA9 210,128,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXAPA9 210,128,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | TXCYAC 218,149,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/10W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ENVRAL 42,400,1987 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 189,180,2003 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 189,180,2003 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75.6 mg/kg/9W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TXAPA9 210,128,2006 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg(Cd)/kg/3W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Renal function tests depressed Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on active transport | TXAPA9 204,91,2005 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25.2 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | TOXID9 -,94,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50.4 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 -,94,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | FCTOD7 46,2279,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | FCTOD7 46,2279,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54 mg/kg/9W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | FCTOD7 46,2279,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FCTOD7 47,871,2009 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25.2 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TOXID9 -,326,2009 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 63 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Liver function tests impaired Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | HETOEA 26,527,2007 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 46,494,2008 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.52 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Cardiac: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): TCS cycle | FCTOD7 50,1340,2012 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 50,3243,2012 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (resp) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Suspected human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 2,74,1973 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 11,39,1976 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 58,119,1993 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 192,95,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 182,255,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,179,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,215,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 613,17,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,375,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HETOEA 25,67,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 533,183,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 533,227,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,202,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,445,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,177,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,213,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,304,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,515,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 233,92,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,223,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,392,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 723,77,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 723,101,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 653,99,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,2921,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,167,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3 | DTLVS* 3,34,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (resp. dust), Carcinogen, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (inhal. dust), Carcinogen, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.005 mg(Cd)/m3 (fume, dust), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | ceiling concentration 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.015 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.06 mg(Cd)/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, 1 carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (inhalable), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (total dust), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (inspirable dust), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (respirable dust), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) dust 0.04 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) dust 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) fume 0.02 mg(Cd)/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) fume 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.05 mg(Cd)/m3, Carcinogen, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | Carcinogen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.015 mg(Cd)/m3, carc 2, inhal, skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.5 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.005 mg(Cd)/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Cd)/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.025 mg(Cd)/m3, carc, OCT2007 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air | Carcinogen lowest feasible conc. | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 84478; Number of Industries 12; Total Number of Facilities 753; Number of Occupations 13; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4750; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 397 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 84478; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 68; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 447 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division