Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Toluene, p-nitro-

RTECS #

XT3325000

CAS #

99-99-0

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

137.15

Molecular Formula

C₇H₇NO₂

Synonyms

1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene
4-Methylnitrobenzene
4-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluol
Benzene, 1-methyl-4-nitro- (9CI)
NCI-C60537
Nitrotoluene, para-
para-Nitrotoluol
p-Methylnitrobenzene
p-Nitrotoluene
p-Nitrotoluene (ACGIH:OSHA)
PNT

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	500 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA Damage	testis/rat	0.032 µmol/L	EMMUEG 44,179,2004
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	5 mg/disc	MUREAV 170,11,1986
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 4,163,1982
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	200 mg/L	EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	100 µg/L	EMMUEG 26,147,1995

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	30 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina	JTEHD6 36,13,1992
oral/rat	65793 mg/kg (13W male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 507150 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 438 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91.3 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 109.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 80850 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 91875 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Other reproductive system tumors	NTIS** NIH No. 01-4432

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 419 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 975 mg/m³	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 940 mg/kg	Behavioral: Ataxia Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation	GISAAA 24(9),15,1959
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1231 mg/kg		NTIS** PB214-270
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1750 mg/kg	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia	GTPZAB 22(7),52,1978
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1960 mg/kg		GTPZAB 25(8),50,1981
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >16 gm/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	GISAAA 24(9),15,1959

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 73983 mg/kg/13W- continuous	Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response	DCTODJ 17,317,1994
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 16800 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 33600 mg/kg/8W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NTPTR* IMM-8703
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response	NTPTR* IMM-8703
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/2W- continuous	Liver: Other changes	CRNGDP 26,689,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	TXCYAC 183,221,2003
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 40425 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Blood: Leukemia Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 176400 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 194775 mg/kg/105W- continuous	Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Active as anti-cancer agent	NTIS** NIHNo.01-4432
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 65793 mg/kg/13W- continuous	Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	NTPTR* NIH-93-3346

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 2 ppm (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 65,409,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m³), skin, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 2 ppm (12 mg/m³), skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 10 ppm (60 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.5 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m4, MAC(short term exposure limit) 9 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 ppm (6 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), Skin, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), KZG-week 4 ppm (22 mg/m³), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (30 mg/m³) (skin)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-NITROTOLUENE-air	10H time-weighted average 2 ppm (Sk)	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X6955; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 21; Number of Occupations 5; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4354; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 729

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);equivocal evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 2000
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-23, October 2000

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Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
Page last updated:February 6, 2017
Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division

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