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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Ozone

RTECS #

RS8225000

CAS #

10028-15-6

Updated

December 2013

Molecular Weight

48.00

Molecular Formula

O3

Synonyms

Ozon (Polish)
Ozone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Triatomic oxygen

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 2 ppm/4HJPCAAC 10,17,1960

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/human500 ppb/6HMEHYDY 4,165,1978
Cytogenetic Analysisleukocyte/human7230 ppb/1HENVRAL 12,188,1976
Cytogenetic Analysisother cell types/human8 ppm/5M-continuousNATUAS 194,793,1962
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/rat28 mg/m3/5D-continuousGISAAA 44(9),12,1979
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/hamster200 ppb/5HENVRAL 4,262,1971
Cytogenetic Analysisfibroblast/chicken1 µg/L/30MZEKBAI 67,113,1965
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/hamster0.38 µg/L/5HVCVN5* -,166,1989
Cytogenetic Analysisinhalation/human200 ppb/4H- intermittentEMMUEG 44,179,2004
DNA adductinhalation/guinea pig0.4 ppm/2HINHTE5 9,811,1997
DNA adductinhalation/human0.4 ppm/2HINHTE5 9,811,1997
DNA Damageother cell types/human0.9 mmol/L/1HMUREAV 517,13,2002
DNA Damageinhalation/mouse1 ppm/90MMUREAV 520,63,2002
DNA Damageother cell types/cattle50 µmol/L/10MMUREAV 585,60,2005
DNA Damage/Other microorganisms70 pphJOHYAY 78,199,1977
DNA Damagefibroblast/mouse25 mmol/LBIJOAK 247,69,1987
DNA Damage/Escherichia coli500 µg/LAIPAAV 114,595,1968
DNA inhibitionlung/hamster2 ppm/1HJTEHD6 17,119,1986
DNA repair/Escherichia coli50 ppm/30MBBRCA9 77,220,1977
Dominant Lethal Testinhalation/other insects30 ppm/3H-continuousENMUDM 4,657,1982
micronucleus testinhalation/human200 ppb/4H- intermittentEMMUEG 44,179,2004
micronucleus testinhalation/human200 ppb/4HMUTAEX 21,131,2006
micronucleus testinhalation/human200 ppb/4H-continuousMUTAEX 21,131,2006
morphological transformfibroblast/mouse5 ppmCRNGDP 7,1611,1986
morphological transformembryo/hamster5 ppmCRNGDP 7,1611,1986
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium19 ppb/35M (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 17(Suppl 19),22,1991
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium3 mg/L (-enzymatic activation step)OZSEDS 8,217,1986
mutation in microorganisms/Escherichia coli50 ppm (-enzymatic activation step)MGGEAE 197,472,1984
phage inhibition capacity/Escherichia coli50 ppmCNJGA8 26,706,1984
sister chromatid exchangelung/human250 ppb/1H-continuousENVRAL 18,336,1979

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 1040 ppb/24H (6-9D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system
TXAPA9 48,19,1979
inhalation/rat 1500 ppb/24H (17-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical
TOLED5 5,3,1980
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) 2 mg/m3 (9-12D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
VCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) 2 mg/m3 (17-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral
VCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/rat 3 ppm (5D pregnant)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vaginaREPTED 16,269,2002
inhalation/rat 3 ppm (10D pregnant)Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vaginaREPTED 16,269,2002

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/2H/75D- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
AEHLAU 20,16,1970
inhalation/mouse toxic concentration (other than lowest): 608 µg/m3/24W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
JJIND8 75,771,1985
inhalation/mouse toxic concentration (other than lowest): 1 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittentTumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
NTPTR* NTP-TR-440,1994
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 44.1 mg/kg/105W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
NTIS** PB95-226999
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 88.2 mg/kg/105W- intermittentTumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors
NTIS** PB95-226999
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/12W- intermittentTumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes
VHTODE 43,370,2001

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 34500 ppb/3HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
IMSUAI 25,301,1956
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7 mg/m3/3HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/child lowest published toxic concentration: 135 µg/m3/1HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TXAPA9 206,185,2005
inhalation/Dog lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/1HEndocrine: Other changesVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/domestic animal lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/3HBlood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/1HBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/guinea pig lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7 mg/m3/3HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edemaVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/guinea pig lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24800 ppb/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesIMSUAI 26,63,1957
inhalation/hamster lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 10500 ppb/4HAMIHAB 15,181,1957
inhalation/human Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 ppm/30MBehavioral: Headache

Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
34ZIAG -,446,1969
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/1MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other
NEACA9 19,686,1941
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppmLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AEHLAU 10,295,1965
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppb/4H/4D- intermittentCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AJCMED 161,1855,2000
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppb/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
ARDSBL 118,287,1978
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 mg/m3/3HBlood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.0004 mg/m3Olfaction: Change in sensation of smellVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/m3/1HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/m3/4HEye: Changes in refraction

Eye: Visual field changes

Eye: Other eye effects
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/30MEye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/1HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 8 mg/m3Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edemaVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m3Behavioral: Rigidity (includes catalepsy)

Behavioral: Headache

Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.06 ppm/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation
EVHPAZ 108,533,2000
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 ppm/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOLED5 134,219,2002
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppb/4HBlood: Other changesMUTAEX 21,131,2006
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 1860 ppb/75MEye: Lacrimation

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough
AEHLAU 10,517,1965
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 80 ppb/6.6HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
AEHLAU 46,145,1991
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 40 mg/m3/3HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7.6 mg/m3/4HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4 mg/m3/24HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1.6 mg/m3/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Change in clotting factors

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
JAPTO* 28,779,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammationTOXID9 -,124,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/30MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesTOXID9 -,189,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm/48HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 -,393,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6HLiver: Other changesTOXID9 -,433,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 -,438,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesJPETAB 312,256,2005
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1 ppm/8HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchiTXAPA9 213,74,2006
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 0.03 gm/m3/2HTPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 15.3 ppm/2HTPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/8HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesCRNGDP 24,613,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppb/24HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 -,42,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.9 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 12,402,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/8HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 44,190,2005
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TOXID9 78,144,2004
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm/48HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 44,379,2005
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/2HCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
EVHPAZ 109(Suppl 4),539,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/1HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchiolar constriction, including asthma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TXCYAC 172,69,2002
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.08 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation
EVHPAZ 108,533,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.08 ppm/8HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation
EVHPAZ 108,533,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
TOXID9 72,63,2003
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 12600 ppb/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage
FEPRA7 16,22,1957
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 mg/m3Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/3HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TXAPA9 220,72,2007
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningTIHEEC 25,189,2009
inhalation/rabbit lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 7.4 mg/m3/3HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rabbit lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 36 ppm/3HBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
IMSUAI 25,301,1956
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.65 mg/m3/6HBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other esterases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 6.5 mg/m3/3HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Blood: Normocytic anemia
VCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/24HEndocrine: Other changesVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
EXLRDA 14,477,1988
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
INHTE5 6,267,1994
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 28 mg/m3/2HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4.5 mg/m3/3HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 1 mg/m3/44HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 mg/m3/18HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edemaVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
JTEHD6 46,329,1995
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
JTEHD6 46,329,1995
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4800 ppb/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage
AMIHAB 15,181,1957
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6HCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
EVHPAZ 109(Suppl 4),539,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/24HBrain and Coverings: Changes in surface EEG

Behavioral: Sleep
TXCYAC 191,89,2003
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1600 µg/m3/8HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
JTEHD6 65,1571,2002
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
JTEHD6 65,1453,2002
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/3HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 44,191,2005
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.05 ppm/3HBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesNRTXDN 29,920,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1 ppm/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TXCYAC 225,119,2006
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4.8 ppmENTOX* -,325,2005
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.005 gm/m3/1HKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli

Blood: Hemorrhage
TPKVAL 6,116,1964
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.0005 gm/m3/1HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance

Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Liver: Other changes
TPKVAL 6,116,1964
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/1HVCVN5* -,163,1993
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 mg/m3/4HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesTPKVAL 14,73,1975
inhalation/woman lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppb/75MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
INHTE5 12,151,2000

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/domestic animal lowest published toxic concentration: 9.5 mg/m3/4H/6W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchiVCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 mg/m3/24H/2W- continuousBehavioral: Food intake (animal)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 2 ppm/2D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTEHD6 3,521,1977
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 800 µg/m3/24H/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXAPA9 116,209,1992
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 0.7 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 mg/m3/24H/2W- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
VCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 ppm/5W- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response
TXCYAC 199,73,2004
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/7Y- intermittentCardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Behavioral: Muscle weakness
VCVN5* -,167,1989
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 26.5 ppb/37.4Y- continuousBehavioral: Change in psychophysiological testsNRTXDN 30,231,2009
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) lowest published toxic concentration: 8 mg/m3/24H/14D- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldVCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsTOPADD 35,27,2007
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/154D- intermittentPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXAPA9 194,211,2004
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.7 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1500 pph/8H/21D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TOLED5 29,207,1985
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppb/8H/90D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)
EXLRDA 12,57,1987
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 mg/m3/4H/4D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 1.2 mg/m3/8H/1Y- intermittentBlood: Other changesVCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 mg/m3/8H/90D- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.15 ppm/8H/90D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TOLED5 24,125,1985
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm/8H/90D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport
TOLED5 24,125,1985
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 0.64 ppm/8H/1Y- intermittentBlood: Other changesENVRAL 32,445,1983
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D/4W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainVHTODE 43,370,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D/7W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainVHTODE 43,370,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D/12W- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight
VHTODE 43,370,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D/12W- continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weightVHTODE 43,370,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D/12W- continuousCardiac: Changes in heart weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight
VHTODE 43,370,2001
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/5H/100D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.7 mg/m3/8H/1Y- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/24H/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
VCVN5* -,164,1989
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppb/24H/14D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response
ENVRAL 35,490,1984
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/24H/4W- continuousEndocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JEPOEC 9,243,1989
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 608 µg/m3/26W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weightTOLED5 26,139,1985
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppb/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
EXLRDA 20,579,1994
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6H/1Y- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
TIHEEC 25,189,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6H/1Y- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight
TIHEEC 25,189,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/5W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosing alveolitis

Blood: Other changes
TXCYAC 204,75,2004
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/5D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 -,434,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/4W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TOXID9 -,434,2009
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/3D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TXAPA9 208,117,2005
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/9D- intermittentBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOLED5 160,127,2006
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/3D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
TXAPA9 208,117,2005
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/3D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TXAPA9 215,250,2006
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/10D- intermittentBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): OtherTOLED5 160,127,2006
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 ppm/4D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesTXAPA9 222,227,2007
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 ppm/4D- intermittentBiochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): OtherTOLED5 173,73,2007
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 0.6 ppm/15D- intermittentBlood: Changes in spleen

Immunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune response
JTEHF8 69,1511,2006
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 300 ppb/72H-continuousCardiac: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 -,42,2008
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 300 ppb/72H-continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 -,42,2008
inhalation/quail lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/24H/7D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases
ENVRAL 54,39,1991
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppb/2H/13D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesJTEHD6 21,27,1987
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m3/24H/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Liver: Changes in liver weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight
VCVN5* -,164,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1.96 mg/m3/5H/10D- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)VCVN5* -,164,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1.4 mg/m3/24H/7D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/m3/24H/3D- continuousGastrointestinal: Other changes

Blood: Normocytic anemia
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 950 ppb/8H/90D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes
TXAPA9 106,384,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1600 µg/m3/24H/7D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
JTEHD6 24,515,1988
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 800 µg/m3/24H/3D- continuousBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXAPA9 116,209,1992
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 700 ppb/2H/28D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JTEHD6 17,143,1986
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppb/24H/12W- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
ENVRAL 42,425,1987
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppb/24H/14D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
JEPTDQ 3(5-6),247,1980
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 mg/m3/24H/13W- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 9 mg/m3/6H/13W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/23H/5D- continuousCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
EVHPAZ 109(Suppl 4),539,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/6H/5D- intermittentCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease
EVHPAZ 109(Suppl 4),539,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 ppm/4H/14D- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
ETOPFR 17,1,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins
TXCYAC 197,37,2004
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/16W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation
TOXID9 -,220,2008
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 3.9 mg/m3/24H/13W- continuousReproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm ductVCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 2.4 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain
VCVN5* -,166,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.7 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field
VCVN5* -,165,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.48 ppm/4H/4W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Emphysema

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes
NEZAAQ 39,757,1984
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.8 ppm/90D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsTOXID9 44,187,2005
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 ppm/3D- continuousLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response
TOXID9 66,193,2002
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 ppm/1W- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response
TOXID9 60,30,2001
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 ppm/90D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other
TOXID9 60,125,2001
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 61 µg/kg/10D- intermittentBlood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases
PYTOEY 18,579,2011
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/40D- continuousImmunological Including Allergic: Decreased immune responseVCVN5* -,165,1989

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (heavy work)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.08 ppm (moderate work)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (light work)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (< 2 hours)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 558,7,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTIS** PB228-002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAEHLAU 16,903,1968
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTIS** CONF-691001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 140-141,195,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWTOLED5 140-141,281,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEMMUEG 39,69,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 566,209,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,325,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWJTEHD6 6,521,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 659,93,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,661,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 681,93,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,45,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 681,51,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,62,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 674,73,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 636,36,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 667,132,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 26,231,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 31,319,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 26,51,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 728,88,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 717,38,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 751,15,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUTAEX 28,485,2013

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,194,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypttime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.02 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3);KZW 0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.1 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), VLE 0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 0.2 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.2 mg/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDshort term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOpeak 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.20 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.6 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (0.6 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), carc 3, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMshort term exposure limit 0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO OZONE-airceiling concentration 0.1 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 81651; Number of Industries 70; Total Number of Facilities 5347; Number of Occupations 67; Total Number of Employees Exposed 72134; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 32361
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 81651; Number of Industries 54; Total Number of Facilities 6329; Number of Occupations 53; Total Number of Employees Exposed 32552

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Cytogenetics-male germ cell
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vivo cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone marrow
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vivo SCE-nonhuman
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:mouse
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);no evidence:rat
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (inhalation);some evidence:mouse NTPTR* NTP-TR-440,1994
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD # ID214
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