Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Nickel
RTECS #
QR5950000CAS #
7440-02-0Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
58.71Molecular Formula
NiSynonyms
Alcan 756C.I. 77775
Carbonyl nickel powder
EL12
Fibrex
Fibrex P
Ni 0901-S
Ni 270
Ni 4303T
Nichel (Italian)
Nickel 270
Nickel particles
Nickel sponge
Nickel, metal
Nickel, metal (ACGIH:OSHA)
NP 2
Raney alloy
Raney nickel
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| morphological transform | kidney/hamster | 400 mg/L | IAPUDO 53,193,1984 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 5 µmol/L | TOXID9 1,132,1981 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 158 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | AEHLAU 23,102,1971 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| implant/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 165 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JNCIAM 16,55,1955 |
| implant/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JNCIAM 16,55,1955 |
| implant/rat | toxic dose: 23 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JNCIAM 16,55,1955 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 15 mg/m3/91W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma | AMPLAO 65,600,1958 |
| intramuscular/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/21W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PWPSA8 14,68,1971 |
| intramuscular/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | NCIUS* PH43-64-886 |
| intramuscular/mouse | toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | NCIUS* PH43-64-886 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 90 mg/kg/18W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | NCIUS* PH43-64-886 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 889 µg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JPTLAS 97,375,1969 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | NCIUS* PH43-64-886 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/21W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PWPSA8 14,68,1971 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/17W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 9,28,1968 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | IAPUDO 53,127,1984 |
| intramuscular/rat | toxic dose: 58 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PAACA3 17,11,1976 |
| intrapleural/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/21W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PWPSA8 16,150,1973 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/17W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | TRBMAV 10,167,1952 |
| intrapleural/rat | toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/21W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | PWPSA8 16,150,1973 |
| parenteral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg/52W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors | AEHLAU 5,445,1962 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | JNCIAM 16,55,1955 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/2H | Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 7 mg/kg | NTIS** PB158-508 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes | INMEAF 15,482,1946 |
| intratracheal/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 12 mg/kg | NTIS** AEC-TR-6710 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg | VCVN5* -,491,1989 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Blood: Hemorrhage Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVN5* -,491,1989 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | VCVN5* -,491,1989 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Fluid intake Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg | YAKUD5 22,455,1980 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg | FDRLI* 7684D,1983 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | VCVN5* -,490,1989 |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 12500 µg/kg | NTIS** PB158-508 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 7500 µg/kg | NTIS** PB158-508 | |
| Tank with water/Daphnia | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 130 µg/L/48H | TIVIEQ 31,125,1995 | |
| Tank with water/Urchin | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/L/48H | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TIVIEQ 39,247,1997 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1700 µg/m3/6H/5W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | ENVRAL 26,353,1981 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 130 µg/m3/6H/35W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | ENVRAL 30,89,1983 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/6H/26W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | ENVRAL 23,170,1980 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/6H/13W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Blood: Hemorrhage | EXMPA6 41,26,1984 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/10M/30D- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | VCVN5* -,493,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/24H/6W- continuous | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Liver: Liver function tests impaired Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments | VCVN5* -,494,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/24H/13W- continuous | Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | VCVN5* -,494,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 350 mg/m3/2W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVN5* -,495,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/24H/17W- continuous | Liver: Liver function tests impaired Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | GISAAA 39(11),8,1974 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.4 mg/m3/40W- intermittent | Vascular: Thromobosis distant from injection site Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 233,262,2008 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVN5* -,492,1989 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | VCVN5* -,492,1989 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVN5* -,492,1989 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | VCVN5* -,492,1989 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 59 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | VCVN5* -,492,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | FATOAO 23,549,1960 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOXID9 66,219,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36.5 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Liver: Changes in liver weight | TOXID9 66,219,2002 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1.5 mg/m3 (inhal) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not suspected as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 49,257,1990 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMSUDL 7,264,1987 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 49,257,1990 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 49,257,1990 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ACLSCP 3,156,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MAERE* 51,247,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | KOTTAM 11,1300,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MIBUBI 9,321,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTXAV 9,105,1971 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85DHAX Ni,168,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85CVA2 5,63,1970 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 31BYAP -,93,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTIS** CONF-691001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | GSAMAQ 123,109,1971 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PEXTAR 12,102,1969 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DICHAK 54,527,1968 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AMTODM 3,209,1977 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CREOH* 42,93,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,63,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,3,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 134,17,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,215,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 613,103,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJATDK 26,191,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,220,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,305,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 23,297,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,743,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 544,313,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ITODC* -,355,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,515,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,93,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,3,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,36,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,73,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | PTPAD4 113,229,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,91,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 243,225,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,727,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 705,11,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 746,113,2012 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 | DTLWS* 3,24,1973 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | TRK-TMW 0.5 mg/m3;KZW 2 mg/m3, inhal, sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 mg/m3, C3 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3 (dust), carc, sen, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | a2 sen, s1 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, sen, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1,5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 0.25 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3 (total dust), Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.5 mg/m3, carc 3, inhal, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 1 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Ni)/m3, skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 mg(Ni)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO NICKEL, INORGANIC-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.015 mg(Ni)/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X5096; Number of Industries 2; Total Number of Facilities 7; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 110 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X5918; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 678; Number of Occupations 17; Total Number of Employees Exposed 6440; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 611 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X5986; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 1124; Number of Occupations 15; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10233; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 80 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code X8294; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 9; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 611 | |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 50420; Number of Industries 260; Total Number of Facilities 32771; Number of Occupations 116; Total Number of Employees Exposed 507681; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 19673 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 50420; Number of Industries 55; Total Number of Facilities 1867; Number of Occupations 52; Total Number of Employees Exposed 23272 |
Status in Federal Agencies
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division