Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
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Hydroquinone
RTECS #
MX3500000CAS #
123-31-9Updated
December 2013Molecular Weight
110.12Molecular Formula
C6H6O2Synonyms
1,4-Benzenediol1,4-Dihydroxy-benzeen (Dutch)
1,4-Dihydroxybenzen (Czech)
1,4-Dihydroxybenzene
1,4-Dihydroxy-benzol (German)
1,4-Diidrobenzene (Italian)
alpha-Hydroquinone
Arctuvin
Benzene, p-dihydroxy-
Benzohydroquinone
Benzoquinol
beta-Quinol
Black and white bleaching cream
Dihydroxybenzene
Dihydroxybenzene (OSHA)
Eldopaque
Eldoquin
Hydrochinon (Czech, Polish)
Hydroquinol
Hydroquinole
Hydroquinone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Idrochinone (Italian)
NCI-C55834
p-Benzenediol
p-Dihydroxybenzene
p-Dioxobenzene
p-Dioxybenzene
Phiaquin
p-Hydroquinone
p-Hydroxyphenol
Pyrogentistic acid
Quinol
Tecquinol
Tenox HQ
Tequinol
USAF EK-356
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin /human | 2% | mild | ARDEAC 93,589,1966 |
| skin /human | 5% | severe | ARDEAC 93,589,1966 |
| skin /human | 3% | VCVGK* -,230,1994 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 40 mg/kg | MUREAV 263,223,1991 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 20 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/hamster | 30 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 2 µmol/L/48H | CRNGDP 21,1485,2000 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 50 µmol/L/48H | EMMUEG 45,388,2005 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | other cell types/human | 20 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 20 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 80 µmol/L/2H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUTAEX 18,491,2003 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L/48H | EMS37* -,444,2006 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | EMS37* -,444,2006 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 1 µmol/L/4H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| DNA adduct | bone marrow/human | 500 µmol/L | CRNGDP 12,1181,1991 |
| DNA Damage | lung/human | 800 µmol/L | CBINA8 81,197,1992 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 100 µmol/L | EMMUEG 26,305,1995 |
| DNA Damage | /Other microorganisms | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 368,235,1996 |
| DNA Damage | liver/rat | 400 µmol/L | CALEDQ 63,47,1992 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/mouse | 2 µmol/L | MUREAV 715,25,2011 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 66 mg/kg/48H | MUREAV 649,54,2008 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 10 µmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 0.1 mmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 10 µmol/l/48H | MUREAV 696,21,2010 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 0.5 µmol/L/3H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 20 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 20 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | ovary/hamster | 2.5 mg/L/3H | MUREAV 537,151,2003 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/mouse | 10 µmol/L | MOPMA3 28,560,1985 |
| DNA inhibition | lung/hamster | 500 µmol/L | CRTOEC 4,151,1991 |
| DNA inhibition | HeLa cell/human | 100 µmol/L | MUREAV 92,427,1982 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Aspergillus nidulans | 1 mmol/L | MUTAEX 2,235,1987 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 20 mg/kg | MUREAV 341,29,1994 |
| micronucleus test | subcutaneous/mouse | 240 mg/kg/6D-continuous | CBINA8 39,129,1982 |
| micronucleus test | lung/hamster | 17500 nmol/L | EVHPAZ 82,81,1989 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 75 µmol/L | MUREAV 249,201,1991 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 3 mg/kg/6D | TOLED5 121,15,2001 |
| micronucleus test | lymphocyte/human | 40 µmol/L/3H | EMMUEG 43,258,2004 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 10 µmol/L/4H | MUREAV 661,57,2009 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 80 mg/kg | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 10 µg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 37,231,2001 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 3 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 1250 µg/L | EMMUEG 11,91,1988 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | embryo/hamster | 10 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 2500 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 11,91,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 2 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 90,91,1981 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 750 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 371,293,1996 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 100 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 467,41,2000 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 120 mg/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| other mutation test systems | lymphocyte/mouse | 10 µmol/L | TOLED5 29,161,1985 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/mouse | 25 µmol/L | CBTOE2 2,231,1986 |
| other mutation test systems | embryo/hamster | 2 mg/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
| other mutation test systems | bone marrow/rabbit | 6 µmol/L | CBINA8 50,203,1984 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | embryo/hamster | 1250 µg/L | MUREAV 287,47,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | intraperitoneal/mouse | 80 mg/kg | MUTAEX 4,208,1989 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | /Aspergillus nidulans | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 215,187,1989 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lymphocyte/human | 6 mg/L | MUREAV 287,57,1993 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lymphocyte/human | 75 µmol/L | MUREAV 322,9,1994 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 6 pph | MUREAV 469,215,2000 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 5 µmol/L | CNREA8 45,2471,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | embryo/hamster | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 500 µg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/hamster | 20 µmol/L | EVHPAZ 82,81,1989 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intravenous/mouse | 600 mg/kg/3D | VCVGK* -,230,1994 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 80 µmol/L/3H | EMMUEG 43,258,2004 |
| specific locus test | lung/hamster | 6 µmol/L/3D | FCTOD7 44,1940,2006 |
| specific locus test | kidney/rat | 25 µmol/L/4H | MOCAE8 31,37,2001 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | embryo/hamster | 1 µmol/L | MUREAV 373,113,1997 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 8 gm/kg | JJIND8 74,1283,1985 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | AJANA2 110,29,1962 |
| oral/rat | 667 mg/kg (11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | TJADAB 41,43,1990 |
| oral/rat | 1 gm/kg (11D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TJADAB 41,43,1990 |
| oral/rabbit | 1950 mg/kg (6-18D pregnant) | Behavioral: Ataxia Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** OTS0571419 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 5 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | ENDOAO 57,466,1955 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 550 mg/kg (11D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | ENDOAO 57,466,1955 |
| subcutaneous/rat | 5100 mg/kg (51D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | SSZBAC 12,491,1965 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 699 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | JJCREP 82,1211,1991 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 26 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | FCTOD7 30,737,1992 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 174720 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors | CALEDQ 143,71,1999 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 174720 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | CALEDQ 143,71,1999 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25750 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 25750 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Endocrine: Thyroid weight (goiter) | NTIS** PB90-240389 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25750 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 256 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | EPASR* 8EHQ-0491-1210 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 349 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | JJCREP 82,1211,1991 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12875 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB90-240389 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12875 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Leukemia | NTIS** PB90-240389 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/jti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15 µmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 244,273,2010 |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 125 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | AGSOA6 3,311,1962 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 115 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 42 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/cat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg | NTIS** OTS0555537 | |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 |
| oral/Dog | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/human | lowest published lethal dose: 29 mg/kg | 34ZIAG -,321,1969 | |
| oral/human | lowest published toxic dose: 170 mg/kg | Behavioral: Coma Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis | AMILAN 7,79,1927 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 480 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | TPKVAL 15,136,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 245 mg/kg | GISAAA 38(8),6,1973 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/12H | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above | MUREAV 208,61,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 350 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/pigeon | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Excitement Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | FEPRA7 8,348,1949 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 mg/kg | IPSTB3 3,93,1976 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 550 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 96 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Cardiac: Change in rate Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | TPKVAL 15,136,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Ataxia | TPKVAL 15,136,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 345 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood: Other changes | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 285 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 320 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | VCVGK* -,229,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 367.3 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Blood: Other changes | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 302 mg/kg | NTIS** OTS0555537 | |
| parenteral/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 190 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac: Other changes | AEPPAE 166,437,1932 |
| skin/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5970 mg/kg | GISAAA 45(10),16,1980 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >2000 mg/kg/24H | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 50 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia | AEXPBL 72,241,1913 |
| subcutaneous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 100 mg/kg | AEPPAE 183,319,1936 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 190 mg/kg | HBTXAC 1,160,1955 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 182 mg/kg | ZGIMAL 2,333,1947 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,229,1994 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | BJCAAI 6,160,1952 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 720 mg/kg | GTPPAF 8,145,1972 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/17W- intermittent | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | GTPZAB 22(9),35,1978 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | BPBLEO 30,2031,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Blood: Changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TXCYAC 220,126,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/22D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Increased immune response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 241,47,2007 |
| intravenous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen | VCVGK* -,230,1994 |
| oral/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 220 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AEPPAE 183,319,1936 |
| oral/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 1596 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | VCVGK* -,230,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 32500 mg/kg/65W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | FAATDF 23,391,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases | FAATDF 23,397,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | FAATDF 23,397,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1802500 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | PSEBAA -,684,1953 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18200 mg/kg/26W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,230,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 236 gm/kg/9W- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | PSEBAA 84,684,1953 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/13W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 |
| oral/rat | : 640 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Behavioral: Tremor | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | : 1920 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Behavioral: Tremor | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | : 4000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | : 1000 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | FCTOD7 45,70,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2275 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | FCTOD7 45,1620,2007 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 212,69,2005 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 mg/m3 (sen) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 71,691,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 15,155,1977 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 15,155,1977 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,691,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,691,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,99,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,75,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 488,151,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,53,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 43,143,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,10,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,555,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BCLPT* 96,131,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,215,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | DERCL* 25,233,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 23,271,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 243,239,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 24,383,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,223,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 653,99,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 751,49,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 751,247,2012 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,133,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 2 mg/m3;KZW 4 mg/m3, inhal, sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | ceiling concentration 2 mg/m3, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 2 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m3, sen, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | s2 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 2 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 4 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m3, Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 2 mg/m3, carc 3, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 2 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 2 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 2 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HYDROQUINONE-air | ceiling concentration 2 mg/m3/15M | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code M0747; Number of Industries 177; Total Number of Facilities 40917; Number of Occupations 136; Total Number of Employees Exposed 442749; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 144063 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code M0747; Number of Industries 143; Total Number of Facilities 24380; Number of Occupations 88; Total Number of Employees Exposed 116192 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);equivocal evidence:mouse,rat | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydroquinone, 5004 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);some evidence:mouse,rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-366,1989 | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
- Page last reviewed:March 7, 2014
- Page last updated:February 6, 2017
- Content source:
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Education and Information Division