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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-

RTECS #

KJ2975000

CAS #

71-55-6; 74552-83-3

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

133.40

Molecular Formula

C2H3Cl3

Synonyms

1,1,1-TCE
1,1,1-Trichloorethaan (Dutch)
1,1,1-Trichloraethan (German)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (DOT:OSHA)
1,1,1-Tricloroetano (Italian)
Aerothene TT
alpha-T
alpha-Trichloroethane
Analytical grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane
CF 2
Chloroethene (inhibited)
Chloroform, methyl-
Chlorothene
Chlorothene NU
Chlorothene SM
Chlorothene VG
Chlorten
Ethana NU
F 140a
HCC 140a
ICI-CF 2
Inhibisol
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform (ACGIH:OSHA)
Methylchloroform
Methyltrichloromethane
NCI-C04626
RCRA waste number U226
Solvent 111
Tafclean
Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane (French)
Trichloroethane
Trichloromethylmethane

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /man 450 ppm/8HBJIMAG 28,286,1971
eye /rabbit 100 mg mildAIHAAP 19,353,1958
eye /rabbit 2 mg/24H severe85JCAE -,94,1986
skin /rabbit 5 gm/12D- intermittent mildAIHAAP 19,353,1958
skin /rabbit 20 mg/24H moderate85JCAE -,94,1986

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisovary/hamster160 mg/LEMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
DNA repair/Escherichia coli500 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,195,1981
gene conversion and mitotic recombination/Saccharomyes cerevisiae5350 mg/LMUREAV 397,271,1998
morphological transformembryo/rat99 µmol/LITCSAF 14,290,1978
morphological transformembryo/mouse20 mg/LCALEDQ 28,85,1985
morphological transformkidney/hamster562 mg/LPMRSDJ 1,626,1981
morphological transformembryo/hamster100 µL/plateEVSRBT 25,75,1982
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium10 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)TECSDY 15,101,1987
mutation in microorganismslymphocyte/mouse31300 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step)EMMUEG 12(Suppl 13),103,1988

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rat 2100 ppm/6H (1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)JTEHD6 9,251,1982
inhalation/rat 7000 ppm/3H (13-19D pregnant)Reproductive: Other effects on female

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral		NETEEC 21,699,1999
oral/rat 43 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) systemTJADAB 29(2),25A,1984

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 21390 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3720 µmol/L/21HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10938 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Chicken, neurons Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1190 µmol/L/20HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.TIVIEQ 7,653,1993
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.83 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 10.55 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 3.6 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 6.09 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.35 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Mouse, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.7 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2 mmol/L/2HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)TIVIEQ 3,145,1989
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 4.63 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Rat, liver Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.33 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.)

In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.		TIVIEQ 8,47,1994
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.1 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 2.5 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 1.3 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 3 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM)TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (10 percent kill): 0.68 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
In Vitro/Rat, lung Inhibitor Concentration (75 percent kill): 5.5 gm/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.TIVIEQ 7,111,1993
inhalation/cat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 24400 mg/m3GISAAA 35(8),127,1970
inhalation/Dog lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/1HBlood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) countVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 11000 mg/m3/5MBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 2730 mg/m3/7HEye: Conjunctiva irritation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Headache		VCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 5440 mg/m3/15MBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 27200 mg/m3/5MBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,376,1990
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 920 ppm/70MBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation		AIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4HBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Irritability		ATSUDG 5,96,1982
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/4HOlfaction: Other olfaction effectsIAEHDW 72,485,1999
inhalation/man lowest published toxic concentration: 350 ppmBehavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests		WEHRBJ 10,82,1973
inhalation/monkey Lethal concentration: >5000 ppm/7HBehavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia		AIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/1HBehavioral: AtaxiaVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/monkey lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 mg/m3/5HBehavioral: TremorVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 7031 ppm/30MBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningTXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/30MBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning		TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30MPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving segmental distribution

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning		TXAPA9 193,9,2003
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40MBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other		JTEHD6 60,331,2000
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29492 ppm/10MVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 4000 ppm/30MBehavioral: AtaxiaTOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 12000 ppm/30MBrain and Coverings: Other degenerative changesTOSCF2 56,365,2000
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 45000 mg/m3/2HBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse Lowest published lethal concentration: 65000 mg/m3/2HLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depressionVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3911 ppm/2HBehavioral: ExcitementSAIGBL 13,226,1971
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 0.3 pph/4HBehavioral: Alteration of classical conditioningVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 1 pphBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 8000 ppm/7HLiver: Fatty liver degenerationVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 72000 mg/m3/16MBehavioral: General anestheticVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 98000 mg/m3/5HVCVGH* -,375,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (20 percent kill): 31000 mg/m3VCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 17000 ppm/4HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 14250 ppm/7HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 20000 ppm/2HVCVGH* -,374,1990
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/40MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		JTEHD6 60,331,2000
intraperitoneal/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3100 mg/kgLiver: Liver function tests impairedTXAPA9 10,119,1967
intraperitoneal/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.1 mL/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.9 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3.8 mL/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
intraperitoneal/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3593 mg/kgENVRAL 40,411,1986
intravenous/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 95 mg/kgHBTXAC 5,72,1959
oral/Dog lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kgFMCHA2 -,C310,1991
oral/guinea pig lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8600 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
oral/human lowest published toxic dose: 670 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Gastrointestinal: Other changes		NTIS** PB257-185
oral/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5000 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6 gm/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral/rabbit lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5660 mg/kgAIHAAP 19,353,1958
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9600 mg/kgCardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		GNAMAP 29,45,1990
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2.5 gm/kgBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10.3 gm/kgENTOX* -,380,2005
skin/mammal (species unspecified) lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7000 mg/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
skin/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 15800 mg/kgAIHAAP 19,353,1958
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kgBehavioral: Sleep

Behavioral: Ataxia		JPETAB 123,224,1958
subcutaneous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 16 gm/kgVCVGH* -,374,1990
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kgHBTXAC 5,72,1959
unreported route/human lowest published lethal dose: 0.7 mL/kgVCVGH* -,376,1990
unreported route/human lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kgGastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting		VCVGH* -,376,1990

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittentLiver: Other changesAIHAAP 19,353,1958
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 3000 ppm/7H/29D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainAIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/guinea pig lowest published toxic concentration: 650 ppm/7H/58D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainAIHOAX 1,225,1950
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/2H/3W- intermittentBehavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Liver: Other changes

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count		NEZAAQ 18,175,1963
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/1H/13W- intermittentLiver: Other changesAIHAAP 19,353,1958
intramuscular/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1200 ppm/30D- continuousLiver: Changes in liver weight

Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport		PHTOEH 67,384,1990
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 8004 mg/kg/6D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Autoimmune (multiple organ involvement)		NTIS** OTS0557868
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 319 gm/kg/13W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainNTPTR* NIH-00-4402
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 45 gm/kg/9D- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		TOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 70 gm/kg/14D- intermittentLiver: Liver function tests impairedTOSCF2 60,363,2001
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/13W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)NTPTR* NIH-00-4402

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 350 ppm;short term exposure limit 450 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogenDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human No Adequate DataIMEMDT 20,515,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Human Inadequate EvidenceIMEMDT 71,881,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)Cancer Review:Group 3IMEMDT 71,881,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFAZMAE 18,365,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWEATR** EB-TR-75047
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWAIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWCHHSA* 9,32,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWDIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,380,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWREPTED 25,192,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,683,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWHUTOX* -,577,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNCLNA* 16,503,1998
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWNTAPM* -,629,1995

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESCancelledRBREV* -,262,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,161,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);KZW 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), skin, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ECtime-weighted average 555 mg/m3 (100 ppm);short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3 (200 ppm), JUN2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 100 ppm (550 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 100 ppm (555 mg/m3), VLE 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARYtime-weighted average 555 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1110 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 50 ppm (275 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPANOccupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2450 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2460 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 125 ppm (680 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 50 ppm (270 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1910 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 450 ppm (2455 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 300 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 1400 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 50 ppm (300 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 90 ppm (500 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 555 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 100 ppm (555 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 200 ppm (1110 mg/m3), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)8H time-weighted average 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE-airceiling concentration 350 ppm/15MNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 417; Total Number of Facilities 120527; Number of Occupations 243; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2528300; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 762399
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 46970; Number of Industries 412; Total Number of Facilities 109850; Number of Occupations 205; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1511801

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/95/264396)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian micronucleus
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULEFEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,ratNCITR* NCI-TR-3,1977
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (post peer review), October 2000
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #14

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