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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Chlorine oxide

RTECS #

FO3000000

CAS #

10049-04-4

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

67.45

Molecular Formula

ClO2

Synonyms

Alcide
Anthium dioxcide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Chlorine peroxide
Chlorine(IV) oxide
Chloroperoxyl
Chloryl radical
Doxcide 50

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 100 mg mildJJATDK 2,160,1982

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
DNA Damagemultiple/other fish1.63 mg/L/3HMUREAV 557,119,2004
DNA Damagemultiple/other fish0.1 ppm/72H-continuousMUREAV 587,103,2005
DNA Damageleukocyte/human0.2 ppm/1HMUTAEX 19,157,2004
DNA inhibitionoral/rat84 mg/kg/12W-continuousJEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
micronucleus testintraperitoneal/mouse3200 µg/kgFCTOD7 26,487,1988
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish1.64 mg/L/20D-continuousMUREAV 557,119,2004
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish0.1 ppm/72H-continuousMUREAV 587,103,2005
micronucleus testmultiple/other fish1.64 mg/L/20D-continuousMUREAV 729,81,2012
mutation in microorganisms/Salmonella typhimurium400 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)FCTOD7 22,623,1984
mutation in microorganisms/Saccharomyes cerevisiae10 ppm/2H (+enzymatic activation step)MUTAEX 19,157,2004

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
oral/rat 960 mg/kg (76D prior to copulation/1-20D pregnant)Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)		JJATDK 3,75,1983
oral/rat 570 mg/kg (14D pre-21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical		NTIS** PB85-245983
oral/rat 1130 mg/kg (8W male/2W pre-3W after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolicTJADAB 35,43A,1987
oral/mouse 840 mg/kg (1-21D preg/21D after birth)Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)EVHPAZ 46,31,1982
oral/rat 92 mg/kg (10W prior to copulation/22D pregnant)Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal systemVCVN5* -,381,1989

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/cat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/human lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritationVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 mg/m3/15MLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/mouse lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >547 gm/m3WDZAEK 9,201,1995
inhalation/mouse lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat Lowest published lethal concentration: 260 ppm/2HOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Other eye effects		AMIHAB 15,101,1957
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5 gm/kgWDZAEK 9,201,1995
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 0.08 mg/kgBlood: Changes in bone marrow not included in aboveTOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 292 mg/kgBehavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair		JJATDK 2,160,1982
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kgVCVN5* -,380,1989
Tank with water/other fish Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.64 mg/L/10DBiochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes		MUREAV 729,81,2012
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 140 mg/kgGISAAA 36(11),18,1971

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m3/7H/30D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rabbit lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/2H/30D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/2H/30D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes		VCVN5* -,380,1989
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/4H/14D- intermittentOlfaction: Other olfaction effects

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field		AMIHAB 15,101,1957
inhalation/rat lowest published toxic concentration: 7 mg/m3/7H/30D- intermittentLung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changesVCVN5* -,380,1989
multiple/non-mammalian species lowest published toxic dose: 0.2 ppm/72H-continuousRelated to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type fieldMUREAV 587,103,2005
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4W- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunctionVCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/monkey lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/8W- continuousEndocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunctionVCVN5* -,381,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 365 mg/kg/1Y- continuousBlood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Other changes

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		JEPOEC 6(1),105,1985
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 0.546 mg/kg/26W- intermittentLiver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)		TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 18.2 mg/kg/26W- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in adrenal weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain		TOVEFN (6),19,2007
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 1.82 mg/kg/26W- intermittentCardiac: Change in rateTOVEFN (6),19,2007

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppmDTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 564,179,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWENTOX* -,555,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWMUREAV 721,27,2011

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATIONFEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDESSupportedRBREV* -,301,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)DTLVS* 3,46,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.83 mg/m3), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIAMAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);KZW 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMshort term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARKtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), VLE 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANYMAK 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERUtime-weighted average 0,1 ppm (0,28 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 0,3 ppm (0,83 mg/m3), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDMAC(time-weighted average) 0.3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 0.9 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDENtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 0.3 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILANDtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINEStime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEYtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.28 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.3 ppm (0.84 mg/m3), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)8H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHLORINE DIOXIDE-air10H time-weighted average 0.1 ppm;short term exposure limit 0.3 ppmNIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 18045; Number of Industries 7; Total Number of Facilities 236; Number of Occupations 12; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7892; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 4348

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID202

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