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Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)

Ammonium chloride

RTECS #

BP4550000

CAS #

12125-02-9

Updated

September 201

Molecular Weight

53.50

Molecular Formula

ClH4N

Synonyms

Amchlor
Ammoneric
Ammonium chloride (ACGIH)
Ammonium muriate
Ammoniumchlorid (German)
Chlorid amonny (Czech)
Darammon
Sal ammonia
Sal ammoniac
Salammonite
Salmiac

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
eye /rabbit 500 mg/24H mild28ZPAK -,15,1972
eye /rabbit 100 mg severeLPPTAK 24,598,1976

Mutation Data and Reference

System TestRoute/Organism/TissueDoseReference
Cytogenetic Analysisfibroblast/hamster400 mg/LFCTOD7 22,623,1984

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 58 mmol/L/24HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesisTIVIEQ 3,189,1989
In Vitro/Human, melanoma Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 656.4 mg/L/48HIn Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc.FCTOD7 50,2084,2012
intramuscular/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kgEMSUA8 4,223,1946
intraperitoneal/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 485 mg/kgCOREAF 256,1043,1963
intraperitoneal/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kgVCVN5* -,17,1993
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kgVCVN5* -,17,1993
intravenous/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 220 mg/kg27ZWAY 1,470,1923
intravenous/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 358 mg/kgBehavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation		JCINAO 37,497,1958
intravenous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 78 mg/kgHBAMAK 4,1289,1935
oral/Dog lowest published lethal dose: 0.02 gm/kgVCVN5* -,17,1993
oral/domestic animal lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kgEye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation)

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation		AJVRAH 32,1229,1971
oral/infant lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kgCardiac: Other changesAJEMEN 6,506,1988
oral/mouse lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1300 mg/kgIYKEDH 21,257,1990
oral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kgLung, Thorax, or Respiration: SputumFTRPAE 82,1290,2011
oral/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 0.005 gm/kgVCVN5* -,17,1993
oral/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1650 mg/kg28ZPAK -,15,1972
parenteral/mouse lowest published toxic dose: 214 gm/kgPeripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving trigeminal nerve

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve		JCINAO 118,4049,2008
subcutaneous/guinea pig lowest published lethal dose: 72 mg/kgHBAMAK 4,1289,1935
subcutaneous/mouse lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg27ZIAQ -,39,1973
subcutaneous/rabbit lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg27ZWAY 1,470,1923
unreported route/rat lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kgFRXXBL #2444025

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/OrganismDoseEffectReference
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/8W- intermittentBlood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport		SIMEJ* 49,650,2008
intraperitoneal/rat lowest published toxic dose: 5600 mg/kg/8W- intermittentNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases		FCLPH* 20,299,2006
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 51660 mg/kg/10W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca		FAATDF 40,247,1997
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 56100 mg/kg/170D- intermittentEndocrine: Changes in spleen weight

Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight		VCVN5* -,17,1989
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 35.3 gm/kg/4W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weightFCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 52.9 gm/kg/6W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca		FCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/1W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosisFCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 29.4 gm/kg/4W- continuousNutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gainFCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 455 gm/kg/130W- continuousEndocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasiaFCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 44.1 gm/kg/6W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P		FCTOD7 42,135,2004
oral/rat lowest published toxic dose: 556 gm/kg/78W- continuousKidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)FCTOD7 42,135,2004

Reviews

OrganizationStandardReference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume)DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEWFEREAC 74,51481,2009

Standards and Regulations

OrganizationStandardReference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-airtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3DTLVS* 3,12,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIAtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUMtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCEVME 10 mg/m3 (fume), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELANDtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (fume), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREAtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICOtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALANDtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (fume); short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLANDtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (vapors and fumes), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIAshort term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLANDMAK-week 3 mg/m3, resp, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDSMAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOMtime-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), OCT2007

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

OrganizationStandardReference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-air10H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983Hazard Code 05270; Number of Industries 180; Total Number of Facilities 24833; Number of Occupations 131; Total Number of Employees Exposed 415676; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 139037
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974Hazard Code 05270; Number of Industries 223; Total Number of Facilities 29596; Number of Occupations 97; Total Number of Employees Exposed 259567

Status in Federal Agencies

OrganizationReference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001

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