alpha-Ketobutyric acid

α-Ketobutyric acid is an organic compound with the formula CH₃CH₂C(O)CO₂H. It is a colorless solid that melts just above room temperature. Its conjugate base α-ketobutyrate is the predominant form found in nature (near neutral pH). It results from the lysis of cystathionine. It is also one of the degradation products of threonine, produced by the catabolism of the amino acid by threonine dehydratase. It is also produced by the degradation of homocysteine and the metabolism of methionine.

α-Ketobutyric acid

Names
IUPAC name 2-oxobutanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	600-18-0 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30831 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL171246 Y
ChemSpider	57 Y
DrugBank	DB04553 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.009.080
KEGG	C00109 Y
MeSH	Alpha-ketobutyric+acid
PubChem CID	58
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9060524
InChI InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h2H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Y Key: TYEYBOSBBBHJIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C4H6O3/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h2H2,1H3,(H,6,7) Key: TYEYBOSBBBHJIV-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES O=C(C(=O)O)CC
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H6O3
Molar mass	102.089 g/mol
Appearance	colorless solid
Melting point	33 °C (91 °F; 306 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

α-Ketobutyrate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where it is converted to propionyl-CoA by branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Further mitochondrial reactions produce succinyl-CoA. This is first through the enzyme mitochondria propionyl-CoA carboxylase with biotin as a cofactor to produce (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA. This is subsequently converted to (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA by mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase. Finally, mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA mutase with cofactor adenosylcobalamin produces succinyl-CoA which enters the citric acid cycle.[1]