Gatifloxacin

General

• Type: Fluoroquinolone
• Dosage Forms: Ophthalmic solution
• Common Trade Names: Zymar, Zymaxid

Adult Dosing

• 0.3% solution, 1 gtt in eye q2h up to 8x/day day 1 and 2, then qid x 5 days
• 0.5% solution, 1 gtt in eye q2h up to 8x/day first day, then bid-qid x 6 days

Pediatric Dosing

• > 1 y/o
  • 0.3% solution, 1 gtt in eye q2h up to 8x/day day 1 and 2, then qid x 5 days
  • 0.5% solution, 1 gtt in eye q2h up to 8x/day first day, then bid-qid x 6 days

Special Populations

• Pregnancy Rating: C
• Lactation: Safety Unknown
• Renal Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric
• Hepatic Dosing
  • Adult
  • Pediatric

Contraindications

• Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Serious

• Conjunctival hemorrhage
• Superinfection

Hypersensitivity reaction

Common

• Conjunctival irritation
• Ocular irritation
• Dysgeusia
• Ocular pain
• Chemosis
• Dry eyes
• Ocular discharge
• Blepharitis
• Headache
• Visual acuity changes

Pharmacology

• Half-life: N/A (7-14 hours for systemic preparations)
• Metabolism: Minimal
• Excretion: N/A (urine for systemic preparations)
• Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Antibiotic Sensitivities

Group	Organism	Sensitivity
Gram Positive	Strep. Group A, B, C, G	S
	Strep. Pneumoniae	S
	Viridans strep	S
	Strep. anginosus gp	S
	Enterococcus faecalis	S
	Enterococcus faecium	I
	MSSA	S
	MRSA	I
	CA-MRSA	I
	Staph. Epidermidis	S
	C. jeikeium	X1
	L. monocytogenes	S
Gram Negatives	N. gonorrhoeae	I
	N. meningitidis	S
	Moraxella catarrhalis	S
	H. influenzae	S
	E. coli	S
	Klebsiella sp	S
	E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+	S
	E coli/Klebsiella KPC+	R
	Enterobacter sp, AmpC neg	S
	Enterobacter sp, AmpC pos	S
	Serratia sp	S
	Serratia marcescens	X1
	Salmonella sp	S
	Shigella sp	S
	Proteus mirabilis	S
	Proteus vulgaris	S
	Providencia sp.	S
	Morganella sp.	S
	Citrobacter freundii	S
	Citrobacter diversus	S
	Citrobacter sp.	S
	Aeromonas sp	S
	Acinetobacter sp.	I
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	I
	Burkholderia cepacia	R
	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	I
	Yersinia enterocolitica	S
	Francisella tularensis	X1
	Brucella sp.	X1
	Legionella sp.	S
	Pasteurella multocida	S
	Haemophilus ducreyi	X1
	Vibrio vulnificus	X1
Misc	Chlamydophila sp	S
	Mycoplasm pneumoniae	S
	Rickettsia sp	X1
	Mycobacterium avium	X1
Anaerobes	Actinomyces	S
	Bacteroides fragilis	I
	Prevotella melaninogenica	S
	Clostridium difficile	R
	Clostridium (not difficile)	S
	Fusobacterium necrophorum	X1
	Peptostreptococcus sp.	S

Key

• S susceptible/sensitive (usually)
• I intermediate (variably susceptible/resistant)
• R resistant (or not effective clinically)
• S+ synergistic with cell wall antibiotics
• U sensitive for UTI only (non systemic infection)
• X1 no data
• X2 active in vitro, but not used clinically
• X3 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for Group A strep pharyngitis or infections due to E. faecalis
• X4 active in vitro, but not clinically effective for strep pneumonia

Source

Authors

Ross Donaldson, Ben Isakson, Neil Young, Daniel Ostermayer