Cor triatriatum

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Background

  • Congenital anomaly: heart with three atria
  • Either LA or RA can be divided into 2 compartments (cor triatriatum sinistrum or cor triatriatum dextrum)
  • Can be associated with other congenital syndromes including tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet RV, coarctation of aorta, VSD, AV septal defect
  • 0.1-0.4% incidence in USA

Clinical Features

  • Sinistrum variant most associated with other congenital cardiovascular defects in symptomatic infants
  • Can be incidental finding in adults as either isolated finding or in association with PFO, ASD, persistent left superior vena cava
  • Symptoms depend on size of opening in accessory membrane between the atria
  • Symptoms include dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, easy fatiguability, low exercise tolerance, palpitations
  • Increased risk of thrombus formation in LA

Differential Diagnosis

  • Pericarditis
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Right heart Failure
  • Atrial Myxoma
  • Mitral Stenosis
  • Tricuspid Stenosis

Congenital Heart Disease Types

Evaluation

  • Murmur
  • Elevated JVD
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Ascites
  • Peripheral edema
  • Often discovered on cardiac imaging studies (Echo, Right heart cath)

Management

  • As associated with major cyanotic or acyanotic congenital heart lesions, mortality can be up to 75% in untreated symptomatic infants
  • Initial workup may include:
    • ECG: Atrial premature complexes, Left or Right atrial abnormalities, Right axis deviation, Right heart strain
    • Chest Xray
    • Echocardiogram
    • Right Heart Cath
  • Control hypoxia, fluid status, rate in Afib
  • DVT/PE prophylaxis

Disposition

  • Cardiac surgery consultation
  • Medical management includes treating increased pulmonary vascular resistance, heart failure.
    • Inotropes, diuretics

See Also

Congenital heart disease

External Links

References

  1. Knipe K et al. Cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cyanotic-congenital-heart-disease