National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance

Typhoid fever surveillance has been conducted at CDC since 1975. State and local health officials use a standard report form [PDF – 1 page] to report detailed epidemiologic information, including patient demographic and clinical information, typhoid vaccination status, and travel history, on laboratory-confirmed cases of typhoid fever. A case of typhoid fever is defined as an acute illness compatible with typhoid fever in which Salmonella serotype Typhi is isolated from a normally sterile site or from stool or urine. Travel-associated typhoid fever is defined as illness in a person who traveled outside of the United States in the 30 days before illness onset, and domestically acquired typhoid fever is defined as illness in a person without such a travel history.

Surveillance for paratyphoid fever has been conducted at CDC since 2008. Paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C. The National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance (NTPFS) system allows state and local health departments to also report information on cases of paratyphoid fever.

National Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Surveillance Overview [PDF – 2 pages]