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Laboratory Diagnosis

Lab technician with sampleInfection with human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) can be confirmed by—

  • direct detection of viral genome by polymerase chain reaction assay;
  • direct detection of viral antigens in respiratory secretions (collected within 1 week of symptom onset) using immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay;
  • isolation and identification of the virus in cell culture; or
  • demonstration of a significant rise in HPIV-specific IgG antibodies between appropriately collected paired serum specimens or specific IgM antibodies in a single serum specimen.
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