Tin (organic compounds, as Sn)

CAS number: Varies

NIOSH REL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]

Current OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA

1989 OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA, 0.2 mg/m3 STEL

Description of substance: Varies

Original (SCP) IDLH*: Unknown [*Note: "Effective" IDLH = 200 mg Sn/m3 -- see discussion below.]

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: Patty [1963], Browning [1969], and Deichmann and Gerarde [1969] all indicated that the trialkyltin compounds are generally the most toxic of the organic tin compounds. The only available acute inhalation toxicity data on which to base an IDLH are given by NIOSH [1976] which cited the following mouse LCLO values for tri-n-butyltin iodide, triethyltin bromide, and tri-n-propyltin bromide, respectively: 1340 mg/m3, 1640 mg/m3, and 1650 mg/m3 [NDRC 1942]. The LCLO is the lowest concentration of a substance, other than an LC50 in air, that has been reported to cause death in man or to cause death in animals when they have been exposed for 24 hours or less. For this draft technical standard, however, respirators have been assigned on the basis of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device up to 2,000 ´ the OSHA PEL of 0.1 mg Sn/m3 (i.e., 200 mg Sn/m3); only the "most protective" respirators are permitted for use in concentrations exceeding 200 mg Sn/m3.

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50	LCLo	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF)	Derived value
Tri-n-butyltin iodide Mouse	NDRC 1942	-----	1,340 mg/m3	10 min	263 mg Sn/m3 (0.69)	26 mg Sn/m3
Triethyltinbromide Mouse	NDRC 1942	-----	1,640 mg/m3	10 min	470 mg Sn/m3 (0.69)	47 mg Sn/m3
Tri-n-propyltin bromide Mouse	NDRC 1942	-----	1,650 mg/m3	10 min	412 mg Sn/m3 (0.69)	41 mg Sn/m3

Lethal dose data:

Species	Reference	Route	LD50 (mg/kg)	LDLo (mg/kg)	Adjusted LD	Derived value
Triphenyltin acetate G. pig	Klimmer 1971	oral	21	-----	43 mg Sn/m3	4.3 mg Sn/m3
Triphenyltin acetate Rabbit	Perkow 1971/1976	oral	30	-----	61 mg Sn/m3	6.1 mg Sn/m3
Triphenyltin acetate Mouse	Stoner 1966	oral	81	-----	164 mg Sn/m3	16 mg Sn/m3
Triphenyltin acetate Rat	Hartel 1958	oral	125	-----	254 mg Sn/m3	25 mg Sn/m3
Dimethyltin bis(isooctyl- mercaptoacetate) Rat	Hazleton 1972	oral	604	-----	903 mg Sn/m3	90 mg Sn/m3
Tri-n-butyltin iodide Rabbit	Akatsuka 1973	oral	-----	100	196 mg Sn/m3	20 mg Sn/m3

Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

Revised IDLH: 25 mg Sn/m3 Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for organic tin compounds is 25 mg Sn/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [NDRC 1942]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers.

REFERENCES:

1. Akatsuka K [1973]. Tetraalkyl lead poisoning. Sangyo Igaku (Japanese Journal of Industrial Health) 15:3-66.

2. Browning E [1969]. Toxicity of industrial metals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, p. 291.

3. Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW [1969]. Tin. In: Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 591-592.

4. Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. [1972]. Acute oral administration -- rats: DMT-IOMA, final report. Vienna, VA: Hazleton Laboratories, Inc. Submitted to Witco Chemical Company, Brooklyn, NY (August 16, 1972), pp. 1-5.

5. Klimmer OR [1971]. Pflanzenschutz und schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: abriss einer toxikologie und therapy von vergiftungen. 2nd ed. Hattingen, Germany: Hundt-Verlag.

6. NDRC [1942]. National Defense Research Committee, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Progress Report -- Toxicity Laboratory -- University of Chicago (February 21, 1942), NDCrc-132, p. 5.

7. NIOSH [1976]. WH67400, Stannane, bromotriethyl-; WH67600, Stannane, bromotripropyl-; WH85800, Stannane, iodotributyl-. In: Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1976 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-191, pp. 1099-1100.

8. Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 1153.

9. Perkow W [1971/1976]. Wirksubstanzen der pflanzenschutz und schadlingsbekampfungsmittel. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey, 1971-1976 (in German).

10. Stoner HB [1966]. Toxicity of triphenyltin. Br J Ind Med 23:222-229.

11. Hartel K [1958]. Organic tin compound as a crop fungicide. Field trials in Germany. Tin and its uses 43:9-14.