Thiram

CAS number: 137–26–8

NIOSH REL: 5 mg/m³ TWA

Current OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ TWA

1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 1 mg/m³ TWA

Description of substance: Colorless to yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor.

LEL: . Unknown

Original (SCP) IDLH: 1,500 mg/m³

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH has been estimated from the rabbit oral LD₅₀ of 210 mg/kg [Sakuramoto 1977 cited by NIOSH 1976]. Rats survived a 4-hour exposure to concentrations above 500 mg/m³ [Smyth 1937-1955 cited by ACGIH 1971].

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50	LCLo	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF)	Derived value
Rat	Marhold 1986	500 mg/m3	-----	4 hr	1,000 mg/m3 (2.0)	100 mg/m3

Lethal dose data:

Species	Reference	Route	LD50 (mg/kg)	LDLo (mg/kg)	Adjusted LD	Derived value
Mouse	Arkhangel'skaya &Roshchina 1964	oral	1,350	-----	9,450 mg/m3	945 mg/m3
Rabbit	Sakuramoto 1977	oral	210	-----	1,470 mg/m3	147 mg/m3
Rat	Weiss and Orzel 1967	oral	560	-----	3,920 mg/m3	392 mg/m3

Other animal data: Rats have survived a 4-hr exposure to concentrations exceeding 500 mg/m³ [Smyth 1937-1955].

Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

Revised IDLH: 100 mg/m3 Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for thiram is 100 mg/m3 based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Marhold 1986]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers.

REFERENCES:

1. ACGIH [1971]. Thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide). In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 257.

2. ACGIH [1991]. Thiram. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 1545-1549.]

3. Arkhangel'skaya LN, Roshchina TA [1964]. Toxicological characterization of furfuramide, a new vulcanization accelerator. Gig Sanit 29(7):37-42 (translated).

4. Marhold J [1986]. Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie, Organicke Latky. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Avicenum, p. 1027 (in Czechoslovakian).

5. NIOSH [1976]. JO14000. Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-. In: Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, 1976 ed. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 76-191, p. 462.

6. Sakuramoto Y [1977]. Potential health problems of latex products. Kabunshi Kankokai 26:361 (in Japanese).

7. Smyth HF Jr [1937-1955]. Unpublished work by Chemical Hygiene Fellowship, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, PA. [From ACGIH [1991]. Thiram. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. 6th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 1545-1549.]

8. Weiss LR, Orzel RA [1967]. Some comparative toxicologic and pharmacologic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide as a pesticide solvent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 11:546-557.