Crotonaldehyde

CAS number: 123-73–9 (trans–isomer)

NIOSH REL: 2 ppm (6 mg/m³) TWA

Current OSHA PEL: 2 ppm (6 mg/m³) TWA

1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL

1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 2 ppm (5.7 mg/m³) TWA

Description of Substance: Water-white liquid with a suffocating odor.

LEL: . . 2.1% (10% LEL, 2,100 ppm)

Original (SCP) IDLH: 400 ppm

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the report by Rinehart [1967] that a 1-hour exposure of 400 ppm is a lethal concentration for rats.

Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

Lethal concentration data:

Species	Reference	LC50 (ppm)	LCLo (ppm)	Time	Adjusted 0.5-hr LC (CF*)	Derived value
Rat Rat Rat Mouse Rat	Rinehart 1967 Rinehart 1967 Skog 1950 ten Berge et al. 1986 Trofimov 1962	600 ----- 1,375 519 1,500	----- 400 ----- ----- -----	30 min 1 hr 30 min 2 hr 30 min	600 ppm (1.0) 712 ppm (1.78) 1,375 ppm (1.0) 1,647 ppm (3.17) 1,500 ppm (1.0)	60 ppm 71 ppm 138 ppm 165 ppm 150 ppm

*Note: Conversion factor (CF) was determined with "n" = 1.2 [ten Berge et al. 1986].

Other animal data: RD₅₀ (mouse), 3.53 - 4.88 ppm [Steinhagen and Barrow 1984].

Human data: Exposure to 4.1 ppm for 15 minutes was highly irritating to the nose and upper respiratory tract and produced lacrimation in 30 seconds [Sim and Pattle 1957]. In another study, exposures to 45 ppm proved very disagreeable after a few seconds, with conjunctival irritation evident [Rinehart 1967].

Revised IDLH: 50 ppm Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for crotonaldehyde is 50 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Rinehart 1967] and animals [Rinehart 1967].

REFERENCES:

1. Rinehart WE [1967]. The effect on rats of single exposures to crotonaldehyde vapor. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 28:561-566.

2. Sim VM, Pattle RE [1957]. Effect of possible smog irritants in human subjects. JAMA 165:1908-1957.

3. Skog E [1950]. A toxicological investigation of lower aliphatic aldehydes. I. Toxicity of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde; as well as of acrolein and crotonaldehyde. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 6:299-318.

4. Steinhagen WH, Barrow CS [1984]. Sensory irritation structure-activity study of inhaled aldehydes in B6C3F1 and Swiss-Webster mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72:495-503.

5. ten Berge WF, Zwart A, Appelman LM [1986]. Concentration-time mortality response relationship of irritant and systematically acting vapours and gases. J Haz Mat 13:301-309.

6. Trofimov LV [1962]. Comparative toxic action of crotonaldehyde and butyraldehyde. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 6(9):34-40 (in Russian).