Synopsis for February 09, 2006

The MMWR is embargoed until Thursday, 12 PM EST.

1. Disparities in New Cases of HIV/AIDS among Non-Hispanic Blacks – 33 States, 2001-2004
2. Leptospirosis after Flooding of a University Campus – Hawaii, 2004
3. New Laboratory Assay for Diagnistic Testing of Avian Influenza A/H5 (Asian Lineage)
   

Disparities in New Cases of HIV/AIDS among Non-Hispanic Blacks – 33 States, 2001-2004

Findings published today by the CDC underscore that HIV continues exact a devastating toll on blacks in the United States. These findings, which build upon data presented at a scientific conference earlier in the week, offer additional characteristics about the individuals who were diagnosed with HIV from 2001 through 2004 in 33 states with longstanding HIV reporting. Blacks in this analysis accounted for the highest percentage of diagnoses in both sexes. Among males, blacks accounted for 44 percent of HIV diagnoses, and among females, blacks accounted for 68 percent of cases. Blacks -- both males and females -- also accounted for the highest percentage of diagnoses in every age group. The overwhelming majority of mother-to-child HIV cases in this analysis – 69 percent -- were among blacks, as well. Authors note that a diverse and comprehensive prevention approach will be necessary to curtail the HIV epidemic among blacks. CDC is working with black communities to reduce disparities and accelerate prevention efforts.

Leptospirosis after Flooding of a University Campus – Hawaii, 2004

The bacterium that causes leptospirosis is common in Hawaii. If fever develops after contact with fresh water or mud (or with a potentially infected animal), consult a doctor. Though leptospirosis can cause serious illness, it is easily treated with common antibiotics.

This report summarizes the investigation into two cases of leptospirosis diagnosed in people participating in the cleanup of the flooded campus of the University of Hawaii. Leptospirosis can be caused by exposure to fresh water or mud contaminated by the urine of infected animals. Leptospirosis is endemic in Hawaii, but more commonly associated with recreational exposures like swimming in fresh water or occupational exposures like farming. These two cases serve as a reminder that leptospirosis can occur even in a well-developed urban setting. People can protect themselves from infection by avoiding fresh water, mud and contact with infected animals. If contact cannot be avoided, the risk of infection can be minimized by wearing waterproof boots and gloves, and by covering wounds with a waterproof bandage. If fever develops after a possible exposure, a physician should be consulted.

New Laboratory Assay for Diagnistic Testing of Avian Influenza A/H5 (Asian Lineage)

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