CDC Science Clips: Volume 7, Issue 43, October 27, 2015

Each Tuesday, to enhance awareness of emerging scientific knowledge, selected science clips will be posted here for the public health community. The focus is applied public health research and prevention science that has the capacity to improve health now.

1. Top Ten Articles of the Week

   
   Selected weekly by a senior CDC scientist from the standard sections listed below.

   Communicable Diseases

   1. Assessing the effect of decentralisation of laboratory diagnosis for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Kenya
      Sharma A, Musau S, Heilig CM, Okumu AO, Opiyo EO, Basiye FL, Miruka FO, Kioko JK, Sitienei JK, Cain KP.
      Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 Nov;19(11):1348-53.
      
   2. Ebola RNA persistence in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors - preliminary report
      Deen GF, Knust B, Broutet N, Sesay FR, Formenty P, Ross C, Thorson AE, Massaquoi TA, Marrinan JE, Ervin E, Jambai A, McDonald SL, Bernstein K, Wurie AH, Dumbuya MS, Abad N, Idriss B, Wi T, Bennett SD, Davies T, Ebrahim FK, Meites E, Naidoo D, Smith S, Banerjee A, Erickson BR, Brault A, Durski KN, Winter J, Sealy T, Nichol ST, Lamunu M, Stroher U, Morgan O, Sahr F.
      N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 14.
      
   3. Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus
      Mate SE, Kugelman JR, Nyenswah TG, Ladner JT, Wiley MR, Cordier-Lassalle T, Christie A, Schroth GP, Gross SM, Davies-Wayne GJ, Shinde SA, Murugan R, Sieh SB, Badio M, Fakoli L, Taweh F, de Wit E, van Doremalen N, Munster VJ, Pettitt J, Prieto K, Humrighouse BW, Stroher U, DiClaro JW, Hensley LE, Schoepp RJ, Safronetz D, Fair J, Kuhn JH, Blackley DJ, Laney AS, Williams DE, Lo T, Gasasira A, Nichol ST, Formenty P, Kateh FN, De Cock KM, Bolay F, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios G.
      N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 14.
      
   4. GYT: Get Yourself Tested campaign awareness: associations with sexually transmitted disease/HIV testing and communication behaviors among youth
      Mcfarlane m, Brookmeyer k, Friedman a, Habel m, Kachur r, Hogben m.
      Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Nov;42(11):619-24.
      

   Drug Safety

   5. Emergency department visits for adverse events related to dietary supplements
      Geller AI, Shehab N, Weidle NJ, Lovegrove MC, Wolpert BJ, Timbo BB, Mozersky RP, Budnitz DS.
      N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 15;373(16):1531-40.
      

   Environmental Health

   6. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and three other bisphenols in convenience samples of U.S. adults during 2000-2014
      Ye X, Wong LY, Kramer J, Zhou X, Jia T, Calafat AM.
      Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 6;49(19):11834-9.
      

   Healthcare Associated Infections

   7. Identification of population at risk for future Clostridium difficile infection following hospital discharge to be targeted for vaccine trials
      Baggs J, Yousey-Hindes K, Ashley ED, Meek J, Dumyati G, Cohen J, Wise M, Clifford McDonald L, Lessa FC.
      Vaccine. 2015 Oct 5.
      

   Injury and Violence

   8. Contextual determinants of childhood injury: a systematic review of studies with multilevel analytic methods
      McClure R, Kegler S, Davey T, Clay F.
      Am J Public Health. 2015 Oct 15:e1-e7.
      

   Parasitic Diseases

   9. Intravenous artesunate for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria in the United States: clinical use under an investigational new drug protocol
      Twomey PS, Smith BL, McDermott C, Novitt-Moreno A, McCarthy W, Kachur SP, Arguin PM.
      Ann Intern Med. 2015 Oct 6;163(7):498-506.
      

   Substance Use and Abuse

   10. Prevalence and patterns of marijuana use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age
       Ko JY, Farr SL, Tong VT, Creanga AA, Callaghan WM.
       Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Aug;213(2):201 e1-201 e10.
       

   • CDC Authors

     • Chronic Diseases and Conditions

       1. Cumulative incidence of cancer among persons with HIV in North America: a cohort study
          Silverberg MJ, Lau B, Achenbach CJ, Jing Y, Althoff KN, D'Souza G, Engels EA, Hessol NA, Brooks JT, Burchell AN, Gill MJ, Goedert JJ, Hogg R, Horberg MA, Kirk GD, Kitahata MM, Korthuis PT, Mathews WC, Mayor A, Modur SP, Napravnik S, Novak RM, Patel P, Rachlis AR, Sterling TR, Willig JH, Justice AC, Moore RD, Dubrow R.
          Ann Intern Med. 2015 Oct 6;163(7):507-18.
          
       2. Hospitalizations and emergency room visits for adolescents and young adults with muscular dystrophy living in South Carolina
          Mann JR, Royer JA, McDermott S, Hardin JW, Ozturk O, Street N.
          Muscle Nerve. 2015 Nov;52(5):714-21.
          

     • Communicable Diseases

       3. Homonegative attitudes and risk behaviors for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among sexually active men in the United States
          Jeffries WL, Johnson OD.
          Am J Public Health. 2015 Oct 15:e1-e7.
          
       4. HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups
          Linton SL, Cooper HL, Kelley ME, Karnes CC, Ross Z, Wolfe ME, Jarlais DD, Semaan S, Tempalski B, DiNenno E, Finlayson T, Sionean C, Wejnert C, Paz-Bailey G, ..
          Am J Public Health. 2015 Oct 15:e1-e9.
          
       5. A review of melioidosis cases in the Americas
          Benoit TJ, Blaney DD, Doker TJ, Gee JE, Elrod MG, Rolim DB, Inglis TJ, Hoffmaster AR, Bower WA, Walke HT.
          Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Oct 12.
          
       6. Etiology and incidence of viral acute respiratory infections among refugees 5 years and older in Hagadera camp, Dadaab, Kenya
          Mohamed GA, Ahmed JA, Marano N, Mohamed A, Moturi E, Burton W, Otieno S, Fields B, Montgomery J, Kabugi W, Musa H, Cookson ST.
          Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Oct 12.
          
       7. Clinical and microbiological features of Salmonella meningitis in a South African population, 2003-2013
          Keddy KH, Sooka A, Musekiwa A, Smith AM, Ismail H, Tau NP, Crowther-Gibson P, Angulo FJ, Klugman KP.
          Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S272-82.
          
       8. Emergence of community-acquired, multidrug-resistant invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in rural western Kenya, 2009-2013
          Oneko M, Kariuki S, Muturi-Kioi V, Otieno K, Otieno VO, Williamson JM, Folster J, Parsons MB, Slutsker L, Mahon BE, Hamel MJ.
          Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S310-6.
          
       9. Burden of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in a rural and urban site in Kenya, 2009-2014
          Verani JR, Toroitich S, Auko J, Kiplang'at S, Cosmas L, Audi A, Mogeni OD, Aol G, Oketch D, Odiembo H, Katieno J, Wamola N, Onyango CO, Juma BW, Fields BS, Bigogo G, Montgomery JM.
          Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61 Suppl 4:S302-9.
          
       10. Utilization of e-health services among U.S. adults with diabetes
           Chou CF, Bullard KM, Saaddine JB, Devlin HM, Crews J, Imperatore G, McDivitt J, Albright A.
           Diabetes Care. 2015 Oct 12.
           
       11. Lessons learned from delivering Imara, an HIV/STI risk reduction intervention for African American girls in juvenile detention
           Davis TL, Boyce LS, Rose E, Swartzendruber A, DiClemente R, Gelaude D, Fasula AM, Carry M.
           Health Promot Pract. 2015 Oct 9.
           
       12. Sexually transmitted disease diagnoses among Hispanic immigrant and migrant men who have sex with men in the United States
           Valverde EE, DiNenno EA, Schulden JD, Oster A, Painter T.
           Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Oct 12.
           
       13. (Not) measuring in the dark
           Cain KP, Shah NS.
           Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 Nov;19(11):1270.
           
       14. Tuberculosis misclassification among immigrants
           Painter JA, Posey DL, Phares C.
           Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 Oct;19(10):1259-60.
           
       15. Increased rates of respiratory and diarrheal illnesses in HIV-negative persons living with HIV-infected individuals in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya
           Wong JM, Cosmas L, Nyachieo D, Williamson JM, Olack B, Okoth G, Njuguna H, Feikin DR, Burke H, Montgomery JM, Breiman RF.
           J Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 1;212(5):745-53.
           
       16. State and territorial Ebola screening, monitoring, and movement policy statements - United States, August 31, 2015
           Sunshine G, Pepin D, Cetron M, Penn M.
           MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 ;64(40):1145-6.
           
       17. A cluster of ocular syphilis cases - Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California, 2014-2015
           Woolston S, Cohen SE, Fanfair RN, Lewis SC, Marra CM, Golden MR.
           MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 ;64(40):1150-1.
           
       18. Scabies and bacterial superinfection among American Samoan children, 2011-2012
           Edison L, Beaudoin A, Goh L, Introcaso CE, Martin D, Dubray C, Marrone J, Van Beneden C.
           PLoS One. 2015 ;10(10):e0139336.
           
       19. HIV testing, HIV positivity, and linkage and referral services in correctional facilities in the United States, 2009-2013
           Seth P, Figueroa A, Wang G, Reid L, Belcher L.
           Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Nov;42(11):643-9.
           

     • Community Health Services

       20. Development of a community health inclusion index: an evaluation tool for improving inclusion of people with disabilities in community health initiatives
           Eisenberg Y, Rimmer JH, Mehta T, Fox MH.
           BMC Public Health. 2015 ;15(1):1050.
           

     • Drug Safety

       21. Trends in the use of prescription antibiotics: NHANES 1999-2012
           Frenk SM, Kit BK, Lukacs SL, Hicks LA, Gu Q.
           J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Oct 12.
           

     • Environmental Health

       22. Brominated flame retardants and other persistent organohalogenated compounds in relation to timing of puberty in a longitudinal study of girls
           Windham GC, Pinney SM, Voss RW, Sjodin A, Biro FM, Greenspan LC, Stewart S, Hiatt RA, Kushi LH.
           Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Oct;123(10):1046-52.
           
       23. Associations between paternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and reproductive outcomes among couples seeking fertility treatment
           Dodge LE, Williams PL, Williams , Missmer SA, Souter I, Calafat AM, Hauser R.
           Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Oct 6.
           

     • Genetics and Genomics

       24. The dynamics of genetic interactions between Vibrio metoecus and Vibrio cholerae, two close relatives co-occurring in the environment
           Orata FD, Kirchberger PC, Meheust R, Barlow EJ, Tarr CL, Boucher Y.
           Genome Biol Evol. 2015 Oct 9.
           
       25. Absence of putative artemisinin resistance mutations among Plasmodium falciparum in Sub-Saharan Africa: a molecular epidemiologic study
           Taylor SM, Parobek CM, DeConti DK, Kayentao K, Coulibaly SO, Greenwood BM, Tagbor H, Williams J, Bojang K, Njie F, Desai M, Kariuki S, Gutman J, Mathanga DP, Martensson A, Ngasala B, Conrad MD, Rosenthal PJ, Tshefu AK, Moormann AM, Vulule JM, Doumbo OK, Ter Kuile FO, Meshnick SR, Bailey JA, Juliano JJ.
           J Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 1;211(5):680-8.
           
       26. Exploring genomic, geographic and virulence interactions among epidemic and non-epidemic St. Louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus) strains
           Diaz LA, Goni SE, Iserte JA, Quaglia AI, Singh A, Logue CH, Powers AM, Contigiani MS.
           PLoS One. 2015 ;10(8):e0136316.
           

     • Health Disparities

       27. Trends in state/territorial obesity prevalence by race/ethnicity among U.S. low-income, preschool-aged children
           Pan L, Grummer-Strawn LM, McGuire LC, Park S, Blanck HM.
           Pediatr Obes. 2015 Oct 14.
           

     • Healthcare Associated Infections

       28. Mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (MBI-LCBI): descriptive analysis of data reported to National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), 2013
           Epstein L, See I, Edwards JR, Magill SS, Thompson ND.
           Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Oct 12:1-6.
           

     • Immunity and Immunization

       29. Long-term consistency in rotavirus vaccine protection: RV5 and RV1 vaccine effectiveness in US children, 2012-2013
           Payne DC, Selvarangan R, Azimi PH, Boom JA, Englund JA, Staat MA, Halasa NB, Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG, Chappell J, McNeal M, Klein EJ, Sahni LC, Johnston SH, Harrison CJ, Baker CJ, Bernstein DI, Moffatt ME, Tate JE, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Esona MD, Wikswo ME, Curns AT, Sulemana I, Bowen MD, Gentsch JR, Parashar UD.
           Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 8.
           
       30. Parent perception of provider interactions influences HPV vaccination status of adolescent females
           Clark SJ, Cowan AE, Filipp SL, Fisher AM, Stokley S.
           Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2015 Oct 7.
           
       31. Risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination in children and adults
           McNeil MM, Weintraub ES, Duffy J, Sukumaran L, Jacobsen SJ, Klein NP, Hambidge SJ, Lee GM, Jackson LA, Irving SA, King JP, Kharbanda EO, Bednarczyk RA, DeStefano F.
           J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Sep 28.
           
       32. Boosting immunity in recipients of live-attenuated zoster vaccine
           Schmid DS.
           J Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 9.
           
       33. Sabin vaccine reversion in the field: a comprehensive analysis of Sabin-like poliovirus isolates in Nigeria
           Famulare M, Chang S, Iber J, Zhao K, Adeniji JA, Bukbuk D, Baba M, Behrend M, Burns CC, Oberste MS.
           J Virol. 2015 Oct 14.
           
       34. Indirect cohort analysis of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness against vaccine-type and vaccine-related invasive pneumococcal disease
           Verani JR, Domingues CM, Moraes JC.
           Vaccine. 2015 Oct 12.
           
       35. Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage among school girls in a demonstration project - Botswana, 2013
           Raesima MM, Forhan SE, Voetsch AC, Hewitt S, Hariri S, Wang SA, Pelletier AR, Letebele M, Pheto T, Ramogola-Masire D, El-Halabi S.
           MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 ;64(40):1147-9.
           

     • Injury and Violence

       36. The association between youth violence exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a sample of fifth-graders
           Lewis T, Schwebel DC, Elliott MN, Visser SN, Toomey SL, McLaughlin KA, Cuccaro P, Tortolero Emery S, Banspach SW, Schuster MA.
           Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2015 Sep;85(5):504-13.
           
       37. Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians
           Nett RJ, Witte TK, Holzbauer SM, Elchos BL, Campagnolo ER, Musgrave KJ, Carter KK, Kurkjian KM, Vanicek CF, O'Leary DR, Pride KR, Funk RH.
           J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015 Oct 15;247(8):945-55.
           

     • Laboratory Sciences

       38. MDSC and TGFbeta are required for facilitation of tumor growth in the lungs of mice exposed to carbon nanotubes
           Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Tkach AV, Gutkin DW, Star A, Shurin GV, Kagan VE, Shurin MR.
           Cancer Res. 2015 Apr 15;75(8):1615-23.
           
       39. Evaluation of the specificity of two enzyme immunoassays for Coccidioidomycosis by using sera from a region of endemicity and a region of nonendemicity
           Lindsley MD, Ahn Y, McCotter O, Gade L, Hurst SF, Brandt ME, Park BJ, Litvintseva AP.
           Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015 Oct;22(10):1090-5.
           
       40. Maternal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and thyroid hormones in maternal and cord sera: the HOME Study, Cincinnati, USA
           Vuong AM, Webster GM, Romano ME, Braun JM, Zoeller RT, Hoofnagle AN, Sjodin A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A.
           Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Oct;123(10):1079-85.
           
       41. Desensitized morphological and cytokine response after stretch-shortening muscle contractions as a feature of aging in rats
           Rader EP, Layner KN, Triscuit AM, Kashon ML, Gu JK, Ensey J, Baker BA.
           Exp Gerontol. 2015 Oct 7.
           
       42. Intranasal deposition of Accuspray aerosol in anatomically correct models of 2-, 5-, and 12-year-old children
           Laube BL, Sharpless G, Vikani AR, Harrand V, Zinreich SJ, Sedberry K, Knaus D, Barry J, Papania M.
           J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2015 Oct;28(5):320-33.
           
       43. Determination of aflatoxin B in smokeless tobacco products by use of UHPLC-MS/MS
           Zitomer N, Rybak ME, Li Z, Walters MJ, Holman MR.
           J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Oct 9.
           
       44. Measurement of transport properties of aerosolized nanomaterials
           Ku BK, Kulkarni P.
           Journal of Aerosol Science. 2015 ;90:169-181.
           
       45. Silica coating influences the corona and biokinetics of cerium oxide nanoparticles
           Konduru NV, Jimenez RJ, Swami A, Friend S, Castranova V, Demokritou P, Brain JD, Molina RM.
           Part Fibre Toxicol. 2015 ;12(1):31.
           
       46. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposure of human cultured airway epithelial cells: ion transport effects and metabolism of butter flavoring agents
           Zaccone EJ, Goldsmith WT, Shimko MJ, Wells R, Schwegler-Berry D, Willard PA, Case SL, Thompson JA, Fedan JS.
           Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015 Oct 7.
           

     • Maternal and Child Health

       47. Editorial utility of population-based birth defects surveillance for monitoring the health of infants and as a foundation for etiologic research
           Moore CA, McCabe ER.
           Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2015 Oct 12.
           
       48. Location of usual source of care among children and adolescents in the United States, 1997-2013
           Simon AE, Rossen LM, Schoendorf KC, Larson K, Olson LM.
           J Pediatr. 2015 Oct 7.
           

     • Nutritional Sciences

       49. Biomarkers of nutrition for development - folate review
           Bailey LB, Stover PJ, McNulty H, Fenech MF, Gregory JF, Mills JL, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Zhang M, Ueland PM, Molloy AM, Caudill MA, Shane B, Berry RJ, Bailey RL, Hausman DB, Raghavan R, Raiten DJ.
           J Nutr. 2015 Jul;145(7):1636S-80S.
           
       50. Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish among US children 12-60 months of age
           Keim SA, Branum AM.
           Matern Child Nutr. 2015 Oct;11(4):987-98.
           

     • Occupational Safety and Health

       51. What do firefighters desire from the next generation of personal protective equipment? outcomes from an international survey
           Lee JY, Park J, Park H, Coca A, Kim JH, Taylor NA, Son SY, Tochihara Y.
           Ind Health. 2015 Oct 2;53(5):434-44.
           
       52. Fatal work-related injuries: southeastern United States, 2008-2011
           Brinker K, Jacobs T, Shire J, Bunn T, Chalmers J, Dang G, Flammia D, Higgins S, Lackovic M, Lavender A, Lewis JS, Li Y, Harduar Morano L, Porter A, Rauscher K, Slavova S, Watkins S, Zhang L, Funk R.
           Workplace Health Saf. 2015 Oct 14.
           

     • Occupational Safety and Health - Mining

       53. Comparative respiratory morbidity of former and current US coal miners
           Halldin CN, Wolfe AL, Laney AS.
           Am J Public Health. 2015 Oct 15:e1-e2.
           

     • Parasitic Diseases

       54. Evaluation of case management of uncomplicated malaria in Haiti: a national health facility survey, 2012
           Landman KZ, Jean SE, Existe A, Akom EE, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Mace KE.
           Malar J. 2015 ;14(1):394.
           

     • Program Evaluation

       55. Do patients at sites with high RCT enrollment propensity have better outcomes?
           O'Malley AJ, Zelevinsky K, He Y, Busch AB.
           Med Care. 2015 Nov;53(11):989-95.
           

     • Public Health Law

       56. State legislators' sources and use of information: bridging the gap between research and policy
           Dodson EA, Geary NA, Brownson RC.
           Health Educ Res. 2015 Oct 13.
           
       57. Do state community health worker laws align with best available evidence?
           Barbero C, Gilchrist S, Chriqui JF, Martin MA, Wennerstrom A, VanderVeur J, Prewitt K, Brownstein JN.
           J Community Health. 2015 Oct 11.
           

     • Substance Use and Abuse

       58. Google searches or quit attempts as a success measure for an antismoking campaign
           McAfee T, Davis KC, Cox SN, Beistle DM.
           Am J Prev Med. 2015 Oct 8.
           
       59. Cigarette smoking prevalence among adults working in the health care and social assistance sector, 2008 to 2012
           Syamlal G, Mazurek JM, Storey E, Dube SR.
           J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Oct;57(10):1107-12.
           
       60. Trends in quit attempts among adult cigarette smokers - United States, 2001-2013
           Lavinghouze SR, Malarcher A, Jama A, Neff L, Debrot K, Whalen L.
           MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 ;64(40):1129-35.
           
       61. Cigarette, cigar, and marijuana use among high school students - United States, 1997-2013
           Rolle IV, Kennedy SM, Agaku I, Jones SE, Bunnell R, Caraballo R, Xu X, Schauer G, McAfee T.
           MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 ;64(40):1136-41.
           
       62. Controlled substance prescribing patterns - Prescription Behavior Surveillance System, eight states, 2013
           Paulozzi LJ, Strickler GK, Kreiner PW, Koris CM.
           MMWR Surveill Summ. 2015 ;64(9):1-14.
           

     • Vital Statistics

       63. Improving mortality data in Jordan: a 10 year review [PDF - 5 pages]
           Dababneh F, Nichols EK, Asad M, Haddad Y, Notzon F, Anderson R.
           Bull World Health Org. 2015 ;93(10):727-731.
           
     
     

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CDC Science Clips Production Staff

• John Iskander, MD MPH, Editor
• Phoebe Thorpe, MD MPH, Editorial Consultant
• Sara Beth Wolicki, MPH, Editorial Consultant
• Gail Bang, MLIS, Librarian
• William (Bill) Thomas, MLIS, Librarian
• Katherine Tucker, Librarian
• Onnalee Gomez, MS, Librarian
• Joanna Taliano, MA, MLS, Librarian
• Jarvis Sims, MIT, MLIS, Librarian
• Mathieu Mazarin, MASc, Web Developer

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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.