بیروت کا محاصرہ
بیروت کا محاصرہ 1982ء کے موسم گرما میں پیش آیا۔ یہ 1982ء کی جنگ لبنان کا حصہ ہے۔ اس کے نتیجے میں اقوام متحدہ کی نافذ کردہ جنگ بندی متاثر ہوئی اور تنظیم آزادی فلسطین کو بیروت، لبنان چھوڑنا پڑا۔
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مزید دیکھیے
حوالہ جات
- Who won the Battle of Fallujah?, Jonathan F. Keiler at ملٹری ڈاٹ کام: "Dating from the siege of Beirut in 1982, Israel has practiced a complex and limited form of urban warfare. In Beirut, this involved a cordon around the city, accompanied by limited attacks with artillery, ground, and air forces to put pressure on the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Syrian forces inside. The IDF did not launch a general assault on the city; it awaited a political solution that resulted in evacuation of enemy forces under the auspices of outside powers. Despite the IDF’s restraint, it was depicted as little short of barbaric by much of the international media. The PLO’s evacuation was treated as a victory parade, rather than the retreat it was, and the PLO lived to fight another day. The battle was a tactical victory for Israel, but a strategic defeat."
- Gabriel, Richard, A, Operation Peace for Galilee, The Israeli-PLO War in Lebanon, New York: Hill & Wang. 1984, p. 164, 165, ISBN 0-8090-7454-0
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