Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a member of the Mycoplasmatales family. This bacterium is often found as a commensal in the respiratory tract of pigs, and rarely in the skin of humans. It is thought to facilitate and exacerbate the development of diseases such as porcine enzootic pneumonia and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Rarely, it may cause mycoplasma arthritis, mycoplasmal polyserositis or mycoplasma septicaemia in piglets without the involvement of other bacteria. This presents as polyarthritis or polyserositis.

Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Division:
Firmicutes
Class:
Mollicutes
Order:
Mycoplasmatales
Family:
Mycoplasmataceae
Genus:
Mycoplasma
Species:
M. hyorhinis

Clinical signs and diagnosis

A variety of clinical signs are seen in piglets less than 10-weeks old.

Lameness, polyserositis and joint swelling are the most common symptoms. A foul-smelling discharge from the ears can occur secondary to otitis. Less specific signs include poor coat quality, pyrexia, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological and respiratory signs.

Bacterial culture, immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFAT), complement fixation test and haemagglutination can all be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Human pathogenicity

There is some evidence implicating Mycoplasma hyorhinis in the pathogenesis of Scleroderma, a chronic systemic disease of humans. One study found it has been isolated from Scleroderma patients.[1] Another study found that injecting Mycoplasma hyorhinis into mice induces a scleroderma-like autoimmune disease.[2] However, more research is needed to confirm or refute the link between Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Scleroderma.

Treatment

Antibiotics are the treatment of choice.

See also

References
  1. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2003077870
  2. Gavanescu, I; Pihan, G; Halilovic, E; Szomolanyi-Tsuda, E; Welsh, RM; Doxsey, S. "Mycoplasma infection induces a scleroderma-like centrosome autoantibody response in mice". Clin Exp Immunol. 137: 288–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02535.x. PMC 1809115. PMID 15270845.


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