KAHRP
KAHRP (knob-associated histidine-rich protein) is a protein expressed by Plasmodium falciparum infecting erythrocytes. KAHRP is a major component of knobs, feature found on Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes.
Knob-associated histidine-rich protein | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||
Organism | |||||||
Symbol | ? | ||||||
UniProt | P09346 | ||||||
|
EMP3-KAHRP-like N-terminal domain | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||||
Symbol | EKAL | ||||||||
Pfam | PF17986 | ||||||||
InterPro | IPR040805 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
EMP3 refers to "Erythrocyte membrane protein 3." It is likely a misnomer, as no reported PfEMP3 sequences contain this domain. PfEMP3 is arranged next to KAHRP in the P. falciparum genome, a probable cause of misidentification. |
It has been suggested that KAHRP may play a role in trafficking or docking PfEMP1, major malarial cytoadherence protein to the erythrocyte membrane;[1] however, these findings were disputed by recent NMR and fluorescence anisotropy studies showing no interaction between PfEMP1 and KAHRP.[2]
Instead, KAHRP was shown to interact with Ankyrin, more precisely the D3 subunit of the Membrane-binding domain of Ankyrin type 1.[3] This interaction was suggested via SPR, ELISA, and Pulldown studies, however, it has not been confirmed by NMR, ITC, crystallography, or fluorescence anisotropy.
References
- Alexander G. Maier, Brian M. Cooke, Alan F. Cowman & Leann Tilley (May 2009). "Malaria parasite proteins that remodel the host erythrocyte : Abstract". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7 (5): 341–354. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2110. PMID 19369950.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Christina Mayer; Leanne Slater; Michele C. Erat; Robert Konrat; Ioannis Vakonakis (March 2, 2012). "Structural Analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) Intracellular Domain Reveals a Conserved Interaction Epitope". J Biol Chem. 287 (10): 7182–7189. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.330779. PMC 3293552. PMID 22249178.
- Weng H1, Guo X, Papoin J, Wang J, Coppel R, Mohandas N, An X. (January 24, 2014). "Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) with erythrocyte ankyrin R is required for its attachment to the erythrocyte membrane". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1838 (1 Pt B): 185–192. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.09.014. PMC 4403245. PMID 24090929.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)