Historical annual reformulations of the influenza vaccine

Since 1999, the World Health Organization (WHO) has issued annual recommendations for influenza vaccine formulations. One reformulation of the influenza vaccine is for the Northern Hemisphere, and the other is for the Southern Hemisphere.[1] Both recommendations are trivalent, i.e. featuring three strains.

Influenza (Flu)
Types
Vaccines
Treatment
Pandemics
Outbreaks
See also

Since the 2012–13 season, the WHO recommendations have also included the formulation of an annual quadrivalent vaccine, featuring an additional B-strain.

The following is a list of WHO recommended strains for the Northern Hemisphere influenza season.

NH winter seasonH1N1H3N2B-strainadditional B-strain for QIV
November 1998–April 1999[2]A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like virusA/Sydney/5/97(H3N2)-like virusB/Beijing/184/93-like virusN/A
November 1999–April 2000[3]A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like virusA/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2)-like virusB/Beijing/184/93-like virus or B/Shangdong/7/97-like virusN/A
2000–2001[4]A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like virusB/Beijing/184/93-like virusN/A
2001–2002[5]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like virusB/Sichuan/379/99-like virusN/A
2002–2003[6]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like virusB/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virusN/A
2003–2004[7]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like virusB/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virusN/A
2004–2005[8]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like virusB/Shanghai/361/2002-like virusN/A
2005–2006[9]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virusB/Shanghai/361/2002-like virusN/A
2006–2007[10]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-likeA/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virusB/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virusN/A
2007–2008[11]A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)-like virusA/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virusB/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virusN/A
2008–2009[12]A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like virusA/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virusB/Florida/4/2006-like virusN/A
2009–2010[13]A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like virusA/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2010–2011[14]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virusA/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2011–2012[15]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virusA/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2012–2013[16]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virus[17]A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virusB/Wisconsin/1/2010-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2013–2014[18]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA(H3N2) virus antigenically like the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011[note 2]B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2014–2015[19]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus[note 3]B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2015–2016[20]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2016–2017[21][22]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
2017–2018[23][24]A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virus[25]A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
2018–2019[26][27]A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virusB/Colorado/06/2017-like virus (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage)B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage)
2019–2020[28][29][30]A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virusA/Kansas/14/2017 (H3N2)-like virusB/Colorado/06/2017-like virus (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage)B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage)

The following is a list of WHO recommended strains for the southern hemisphere influenza season.

SH winter seasonH1N1H3N2B-strainadditional B-strain for QIV
1999[31]A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like virusA/Sydney/5/97(H3N2)-like virusB/Beijing/184/93-like virusN/A
May–October 2000[32]A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like virusB/Beijing/184/93-like virus or B/Shangdong/7/97-like virusN/A
May–October 2001[33]A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like virusB/Sichuan/379/99-like virusN/A
2002[34]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like virusB/Sichuan/379/99-like virusN/A
2003[35]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like virusB/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virusN/A
2004[36]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2) - like virusB/Hong Kong/330/2001-like virusN/A
2005[37]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/Wellington/1/2004(H3N2)-like virusB/Shanghai/361/2002-like virusN/A
2006[38]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virusA/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virusB/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virusN/A
2007[39]A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-likeA/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virusB/Malaysia/2506/2004-like virusN/A
2008[40]A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1)-like virusA/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virusB/Florida/4/2006-like virusN/A
2009[41]A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)-like virusA/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virusB/Florida/4/2006-like virusN/A
2010[42]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virusA/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2011[43]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)-like virusA/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2012[44]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09[note 1]-like virus[17]A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusN/A
2013[45]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virusB/Wisconsin/1/2010-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2014[46]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus[note 3]B/Massachusetts/2/2012-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2015[47]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2016[48]A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
2017[49][50]A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus[25]A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus
2018[51][52]A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like virusB/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus
2019[53][54]A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/Switzerland/8060/2017 (H3N2)-like virusB/Colorado/06/2017-like virus (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage)B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage)
2020[55][56]A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09-like virusA/South Australia/34/2019 (H3N2)-like virusB/Washington/02/2019-like (B/Victoria lineage) virusB/Phuket/3073/2013-like (B/Yamagata lineage) virus

Notes
  1. (H1N1)pdm09 is newer nomenclature for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, not a different strain.
  2. It is recommended that A/Texas/50/2012 is used as the A(H3N2) vaccine component because of antigenic changes in earlier A/Victoria/361/2011-like vaccine viruses (such as IVR-165) resulting from adaptation to propagation in eggs.
  3. A/Texas/50/2012 is an A(H3N2) virus that following adaptation to growth in eggs has maintained antigenic properties similar to the majority of recently circulating cell-propagated A(H3N2) viruses including A/Victoria/361/2011

See also

References
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  18. "WHO switches H1N1 in Southern Hemisphere flu vaccine". University of Minnesota - Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP). 29 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2017. A/Michigan/45/2015 replaces the longstanding A/California/7/2009 and is recommended to improve protection against two subclades that have emerged over the past season.
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