Biomolecular complex

Biomolecular complex, also called macromolecular complex or biomacromolecular complex, is any biological complex made of more than one molecule of protein, RNA, DNA, [1] lipids, or carbohydrates. The interactions between these biomolecules are non-covalent. [2] Examples:

  • Protein complexes, some of which are multienzyme complexes: proteasome, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, symmetric viral capsids, chaperonin complex GroEL-GroES, photosystem I, ATP synthase, ferritin.
  • RNA-protein complexes: ribosome, spliceosome, vault, SnRNP. Such complexes in cell nucleus are called ribonucleoproteins (RNPs).
  • DNA-protein complexes: nucleosome.
  • Protein-lipid complexes: lipoprotein.[3][4]

The biomacromolecular complexes are studied structurally by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy of proteins, cryo-electron microscopy and successive single particle analysis, and electron tomography. [5] The atomic structure models obtained by X-ray crystallography and biomolecular NMR spectroscopy can be docked into the much larger structures of biomolecular complexes obtained by lower resolution techniques like electron microscopy, electron tomography, and small-angle X-ray scattering. [6]

See also
  • Quaternary structure
  • Multiprotein complex
  • Macromolecular assembly: macromolecular assembly in biology is the same as biomacromolecular complex.
  • Organelle: the broadest definition of "organelle" includes not only membrane bound cellular structures, but also very large biomolecular complexes.
  • Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

References
  1. Kleinjung, Jens; Franca Fraternali (2005-07-01). "POPSCOMP: an automated interaction analysis of biomolecular complexes". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (suppl 2): W342–W346. doi:10.1093/nar/gki369. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 1160130. PMID 15980485. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  2. Moore, Peter B. (2012). "How Should We Think About the Ribosome?". Annual Review of Biophysics. 41 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-050511-102314. PMID 22577819.
  3. Dutta, Shuchismita; Berman, Helen M. (2005-03-01). "Large Macromolecular Complexes in the Protein Data Bank: A Status Report". Structure. 13 (3): 381–388. doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.01.008. ISSN 0969-2126. PMID 15766539.
  4. Russell, Robert B; Frank Alber; Patrick Aloy; Fred P Davis; Dmitry Korkin; Matthieu Pichaud; Maya Topf; Andrej Sali (June 2004). "A structural perspective on protein–protein interactions". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 14 (3): 313–324. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2004.04.006. ISSN 0959-440X. PMID 15193311.
  5. van Dijk, Aalt D. J.; Rolf Boelens; Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin (2005). "Data-driven docking for the study of biomolecular complexes". FEBS Journal. 272 (2): 293–312. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2004.04473.x. hdl:1874/336958. ISSN 1742-4658. PMID 15654870.

Further reading
  • Berg, J. Tymoczko, J. and Stryer, L., Biochemistry. (W. H. Freeman and Company, 2002), ISBN 0-7167-4955-6
  • Cox, M. and Nelson, D. L., Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN 0-7167-4339-6
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