Bacteremia vs contaminated blood cultures

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Background

Suggestive of Contamination[1]

  • Typical commensal organisms of the skin flora in the abscence of an intravenous catheter
  • Only 1 out of 2 or more blood cultures are positive
  • Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of one organism is different from the pattern of the other organisms in the same or subsequent set of cultures (as long as the organisms are of the same species)
    • For example, if 2 sets of blood cultures are both positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis but one set is sensitive to a particular antibiotic while the other set is resistant to the same antibiotics, both sets are likely contaminated

Risk Factors for Bacteremia[1]

  • Advanced age
  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunosuppressing medications (transplant patients, rheumatologic diseases, etc)
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Chronic renal failure (especially if on hemodialysis)
  • Hematological malignancies
  • HIV infection
  • Intravenous catheters
  • Intravenous drug use
  • Loss of skin integrity
  • Malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia
  • Neutropenia
  • Parenteral nutrition

Contamination Rates for Specific Organisms[1]

Organism False positives
Bacillus spp. >90%
Coag-negative Staphylococcus spp. >90%
Propionibacterium spp. >90%
Corynebacterium spp. >80%
Viridans-Group Streptococci 50%
Clostridium spp. 40%
Staphylococcus aureus spp. 25%
Enterococcus spp. 15%

See Also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Antibiotic Therapy for Positive Blood Cultures. Perez-Jorge EV, et al. Antimicrobe. http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/e38rev2.asp